Category Archives: Gemstones

    Beryl Facts and Buying Guide

    Posted on by admin

    Beryl Facts and Buying Guide

    by Shweta Dhanuka

    Beryl, the name is derived from the Greek word “beryllos” that refers to a number of blue-green stones in antiquity. The word “beryllos” was derived from the Sanskrit word veruliyam. Thus, it can be said that initially the name Beryl originated from India. It is the name of the mineral group consisting many different coloured gemstones.

    All the gems of this silicate family are adored a lot since many years. High brilliance and hardness makes all its gems as the most admired and preferred stones for the jewelry items. This article proffers the important facts and details about the Beryl family in order to assist the buyers in making the right purchase of the stones and its jewelry. All the general characteristics are discussed like 4Cs, occurrence, source, use etc. These properties are in respect to Beryl group at large and not specific to any of its varieties.

    Colour

    This is a multi-colored group occurring in diverse colours. The obtainable colours of this family are colorless, green, sea blue, violet, pink, red, blue, yellow and golden. Few other colours are gray, purple, brown and white. The change in colour appears when the change in the presence of impurity takes place in the chemical composition. The impurities are usually the metallic oxides. This characteristic ‘colour’ is quite unique for this group as it offers special identification to all the gemstones. Mostly all the colours are intense and bright. On the basis of colour it is segregated into various varieties.

    Varieties

    As mentioned above, this mineral exists in many different varieties. Few are popular gemstones, known by its name itself while the rest are not much in use and are not recognized by the common man. The gems only differ in colour, rest chemical and physical properties are very much alike. Below are discussed the eminent varieties that have already created waves in the gemstone trade market.

    Emerald

    It is the only precious stone in the group. It possession of this gemstone symbolizes high status and association with the royal families. It consists of bright green colour. Green colour occurs as a result of the presence of impurity of chromium in the chemical composition. The best quality of emerald is procured from Minas Gerais at Brazil, the Ural Mountains of Russia, Cobra and Somerset Mines in Transvaal, South Africa and Muzo & Chivor mines at Colombia.

    Aquamarine

    It is sea blue in colour. Due to its water blue charm colour it is treasured a lot all over the world. This blue colour appears because of the iron impurity in the chemical mixture of the crystal. The superior quality gems are procured from the land of gems and metal – Brazil. This country produces maximum amount of aquamarine gemstones near the places where volcanic activity takes place.

    Morganite

    It is a semi precious stone pink in colour. Small traces of manganese in the chemical composition gives this tender pink colour to the stone. This gemstone could attain the popularity very quickly in the gemstone market but unfortunately due to its rare occurrence it is relatively still unknown to many gemstone lovers.Heliodor – It is also known as golden beryl and possess yellow/golden colour. This colour appears due to the existence of uranium and little amount of iron in the composition. The name of this gem is derived from two Greek words viz. helios and doron that means sun and gift respectively. It is mostly collected as a gemstone and used rarely for making jewelry items.

    Bixbite

    It is deep red in colour. It occurs very rarely amongst all the members in the entire beryl family. The Wah Wah Mountains in Utah is the hole and sole producer of this exceptional gemstone. The quantity obtained from this only source is also quite less and all the acquired stones is less than a carat in weight. It is yet to be recognized globally. This stone is not worn as gemstone rather it only collected by the stone collectors.

    Goshenite

    It is the purest form of beryl occurring colorless. It owes its name after a deposit where it was found that is Goshen, Massachusetts. It is believed that the first spectacle lenses were made from this stone. Few states of USA are the finest producer of this gemstone.

    Cut

    This mineral is quite hard thus; experienced hands of gemstone cutters twirl them into a multitude of many-faceted shapes. Still cutting is a challenging job for them as a brilliant good cut enhances the overall beauty of the stone. The most preferred cut for this group are rectangular, square step cut, marquise, princess cut, oval and emerald cut.

    Clarity

    This mineral possess vitreous luster and is transparent in nature. Due to the presence of high inclusions in the crystal the transparency seems to be translucent or opaque instead of transparent. Flaws are bound to be present in the crystal and sometimes act as important identification of natural stones from the synthetic or man made stones.

    Carat weight

    Most of the members (varieties) are found in large crystal sizes as rough. The obtained rough undergoes the necessary gemstone processing and polishing. After this prerequisite process is completed, the stones of different carat weight are created in order to match all the price range. Emerald being a precious stone is very expensive thus it is preferred of smaller carat weight. While Aquamarine and Morganite are semi precious stones and cost less than Emerald so relatively larger carat weight gems are created.

    Price

    Like all the other precious and semi precious gemstones, the price is determined on the basis of four vital Cs that is colour, cut, clarity and carat weight. Deep, intense colour is priced maximum. A bight colour in a brilliant cut further increases the cost of the stone. Lastly, increase in the clarity (fewer inclusions and flaws present in the stone) and carat weight results in higher price. Therefore, when all 4 Cs are at its best then the stone would fetch highest price.

    Occurrence

    It is found in the veins and pegmatite of igneous rock in the form of hexagonal prisms with flat or elongated. Limestone and hydrothermal deposits also holds fair amount of beryl in it. All the varieties of this group are silicates that are composed of silicon and oxygen (SiO4). Different varieties occur due to the presence of impurities of other elements in the chemical composition but the prime elements remains silicon and oxygen only.

    Source

    It is found in the mines located in every region of the world. Egypt, Austria, Africa, Pakistan, Ireland, Germany, Brazil and Russia are few countries that yield reasonable amount of Beryl. Other countries to produce this mineral are Colombia, Zambia, Mozambique, Angola and Nigeria. Mines at Mungo, Baltistan, Pakistan, United States of America, South Africa and United Kingdom also offer different members of Beryl family.

    Enhancement

    Almost all the varieties of this multi-colored group are heat treated to enhance the colour. Similarly, oil treatment is used for reducing the flaws and fractures. For the oil treatments colorless cedar oil, colorless Canadian balsam, opticon and other natural/synthetic oils or resins are used. Especially for Emeralds green dye is considered for dying to improve the colour.

    Imitations

    This is quite valued mineral group thereby imitations are bound to exist in the gemstone market. There are many clever dealers who sell lab created synthetic gemstones under the fancy names at the price of genuine gemstones. Imitations of Emerald and Aquamarine are flooded in the jewelry shops. Buyers need to be extra careful and cautious while making the purchases of Beryl gemstones.

    Uses

    This mineral is used to procure an important element know as beryllium. It was also called as glucinium in earlier days. Beryllium is a tough metal used to strengthen the metals when mixed with alloys. All the varieties of this diverse colored group are valuable and cherished gemstones widely used for creating exquisite ornaments. Jewelry designers fashion astonishing designs using these stones. 18K yellow gold, white gold, platinum and sterling silver is used for making the different jewelry pieces. Depending upon the designs the stones of different carat weight are selected.

    Precautions

    It is quite hard mineral and so are all its various colored stones varieties. It is rated 7.5-8 Mohs on the hardness scale. As such no specific precautions are to be taken but still the stones could not be taken for granted. All the forms can be used for the daily jewelry wear however a little care is desired for the longer retention of the stone. A sharp blow or hard hit may result in the split of the stone into two.
    It should be cleaned with warm soapy water and soft bristle brush. After cleaning, the water must be completely wiped off and no trace of detergent/soap should be left else it might result in allergic reaction or dermatitis. Cleaning agents with chlorine should be avoided and also ultrasonic home cleaner.

    All Beryls are highly sensitive to heat and high temperature. Thus, special care needs to be taken while repairing the jewelry items holding these stones. The stones need to be layered with borax or proprietary heat-shielding material at the time of performing the soldering work on the jewelry piece. Similarly, jeweler torch should be used with utmost care else the high heat emitted from the torch might ruin the valuable stone mounted in the jewelry item. Metals used for making jewelry must be always more than 18 karat in order to have better appeal and life of the stones.

    The gems of this mineral group had made the women very beautiful and men more powerful since ancient times and it continues to maintain its outstanding charm in this present era as well. For so many years these stones had positively influenced the lives of the many people. Almost all gemstone lovers carry a deep desire to own these Beryl gems. Many of them must have already experienced the allure of these splendid gemstones in their personal and professional lives. If you too wish to acquire similar powers and beauty then plan and act to possess these astounding Beryl gems today!!

    Aventurine Facts

    Posted on by admin

    Aventurine Facts

    by

    Aventurine  Properties

    Chemical CompositionThe chemical composition is Silicon Dioxide and the chemical formula is SiO2.
    ColoursPrimary colour is green. Other colours are Peach, brown, gray, blue, greenish-brown, bluish-white, bluish green and orange
    Hardness7 Mohs
    Refractive Index1.55
    Specific Gravity2.65 – 2.66
    LusterDull vitreous
    Solid StateSemi translucent to opaque
    Crystal SystemHexagonal crystal system.
    CleavageNone
    PleochroismNone
    FracturesConchodial
    StreakWhite
    TenacityBrittle
    EnhancementNever enhanced.
    SourceIndia, Brazil, Madagascar, Chile, Russia, Spain, Austria, United States of America, Japan and Tanzania
    PrecautionsGeneral gemstone precautions need to be practiced. Only one special care required that is keep the gemstone away from excessive sunlight else the colour would fade.

    Sardonyx Stone Facts

    Posted on by admin

    Sardonyx Stone Facts

    by

    Sardonyx Facts

    Chemical CompositionChemical composition is Silicon Dioxide [ SiO2] .
    ColoursMain colour is orange red. Other colours are yellow, brown, purple, gray, pink and green.
    Band ColoursReddish brown, white, brown, black and many more.
    Hardness6.5 – 7 Mohs
    Specific Gravity2.65 – 2.66
    Refractive IndexVaries between 1.543 to 1.554
    Solid StateTranslucent to opaque
    Bi-refringence0.009
    PhenomenaNone
    FracturesVery less
    EnhancementUsually it is dyes or stained.
    SourceFound worldwide. Few countries to name are India, Pakistan, USA, Germany, Brazil, Mexico, Czechoslovakia and Africa.
    PrecautionsAvoid sharps blows , large temperatures changes and harsh chemicals.

    Sardonyx Facts and Buying Guide

    Posted on by admin

    Sardonyx Facts and Buying Guide

    by Sheweta Dhanuka

    The name Sardonyx is split up into two words viz. “sard” and “onyx”. Sard is Greek word that means “reddish brown” and onyx meaning “veined gem.” Therefore, when the semi precious gemstone onyx consists of reddish brown and white colour bands on its surface then it becomes Sardonyx.

    The heart of Romans lies in Sardonyx. This gemstone had always been valued most in Rome. Each and every individual residing in Rome would be seen wearing it in some form. Therefore, it is very obvious that in the entire world highest consumption of this gem is in Italy. This article is written with the aim to provide the readers with necessary know- how about the gemstone. The information includes certain important facts and few buying tips.

    Same as the semi precious stone Peridot it is too the birthstone for those born in the month of August. The name Sardonyx is split up into two words viz. “sard” and “onyx”. Sard is Greek word that means “reddish brown” and onyx meaning “veined gem.” Therefore, when the semi precious gemstone onyx consists of reddish brown and white color bands on its surface then it becomes Sardonyx.

    It is a form of microcrystalline quartz consisting different colored bands on its basic colour. Basically, it belongs to chalcedony family. It contains tiny quartz fibers in multi layers, deposited one over the other that gives the stone a banded look. The layers are translucent to opaque in nature.

    This gemstone is orange-red in color and the colors of bands are white and reddish brown. It is also available in other colors such as yellow, brown, white, purple, gray, black, pink and green. Like different basic colors the bands also occur in different colors viz. gray, black, dark brown etc. An important thing to note about this gem is that the basic colour and colour of the band would always occur in contrast that to naturally. The main colour through which the gemstone is generally identified is orange-red with reddish brown and white bands. Thus, while selecting the gemstone the orange-red colour with reddish brown and white bands should always be preferred.

    The colour band can also be referred as striped veins. These veins can appear in varied patterns and in different colours. In fact, no two gemstones would have the same pattern of the band. The patterns and colours of the veins are irregular and occur naturally. Sometimes the band can occur in the circular pattern similar to the pattern of cut tree trunk. While few stones might consist of pattern of straight line in horizontal direction where few lines are thick and rest are very sleek. Similarly many more patterns are found. Irrespective of the pattern of the band, every single gemstone looks amazing.

    This beauty with bands is translucent to opaque in nature. It seldom consists of flaws and fractures. It occurs in large sizes. After the essential gemstone processing the carat weight is reduced. We know that with the increase in the carat weight the price of the gem also increases. This gemstone is easily available between 10-5 carat weight. For the jewelry items the carat weight of the stone varies between 5-3 that is priced moderately. For the carving the gemstone with higher carat weight is selected because then the figures or pictures are carved more appropriately.

    It can be cut in various shapes and styles like oval, pear, round etc. The most common cut is cabochon. Yet another preferred shape is the shape of the eyes. Many people like this shape because the stone has colored bands in it. Beads of this gemstone are also widely used in necklace and earrings. It is available in all shapes, sizes and wide colour range. The colour of the beads and striped veins would be in contrast as in the gemstone. Beads are very well paired with pearls to create fascinating jewelry pieces.

    The most common jewelry items holding this gem are rings, earrings, broaches and pendants. The jewelries can be made of 14K or 18K yellow gold, white gold and sterling silver. For rings the gemstone having the carat weight between 2-4 is ideal and is easily affordable. Same weight is preferred for earrings too while the carat weight rise to more than 6 for pendants, broaches and cameos.

    In Rome, most of the females wear intaglios and cameos. It is widely used in the carving of intaglios, cameos, broaches and articrafts. Cameos are the piece of jewelry consisting of carved figures against a different colored background. While Intaglios consists of incised figures on the gemstone against the dark colored layers so that lighter layers are highlighted. Infact, intaglios are the best pieces where the layers are cut creatively to show the colour contrast between the design and background. Carvings from this gemstone had always been in huge demand. This is the reason why it is also called as “ the fancy wallpaper of nature”.

    This unique gemstone is available throughout the world. However, the major supplier is India. Few other countries to name are Pakistan, USA, Germany, Brazil, Mexico, Czechoslovakia and Africa.

    Its wide availability makes it an inexpensive gemstone and favorite of people in every country. The affordable price of the gem enables the gemstone lovers to fulfill their desire of wearing the gemstone in the jewelry. Bright orange red colour with reddish brown and white band is valued most. Rest all other colours costs much less. Natural Sardonyx  irrespective of colour is priced more than that of enhanced gems and imitations.

    For the enhancement it is usually dyed or stained to improve the colour. Sometimes the colour is changed completely to give a new colour as wanted. The inferior quality gems are treated with the iron oxide pigment to attain the bright deep orange red colour while carbon is used to create the desired striped veins. Through staining the other semi precious stone known as agate, imitations of this gemstone are produced. Buyer need to cautious of these enhanced gems and imitations while making the purchase of the genuine gemstone. Also to mislead the buyers, the gems are sold under the faulty name as Catalina Sardonyx at the price of the true stone.

    It is relatively a hard stone having 6.5 -7 Mohs hardness but still it is necessary to take precautions and care for life long retention. Protect the gemstone from all sorts of strong blows and scratches. Exposure to large temperature changes and harsh chemicals must be avoided. Clean the stone with mild soapy water and wipe it off with a soft cloth. After cleaning, once in a while a dab of olive oil can be used to produce a beautiful shine. Always store it in a jewelry box lined with cotton/soft cloth/velvet. With all these measures the gemstone can look graceful and attractive forever.

    This stone brings its wearer quite close to the nature. It helps in building friendship and marital relation stronger. It is also believed to enhance the qualities like stamina, vigor, energy, self-control and creativity thus, referred as “stone of virtue”.

    Romans treasure this gemstone quite a lot and reap great benefits wearing it in different form of jewelry. They also associated it with good fortunes. If Sardonyx can bring good fortune and luck to Romans then it can do the same with anyone in the universe. Hence in order to change luck and fortune in your favour,  try wearing this wonderful gemstone!!!

    Aventurine Facts and Buying Guide

    Posted on by admin

    Aventurine Facts and Buying Guide

    by Sheweta Dhanuka

    This is a green coloured gem. This colour occurs due to the presence of chromium impurity in the chemical composition. Peach, brown, gray, blue, greenish-brown, bluish-white, bluish green and orange are few other colour shades of this stone but the primary colour remains green.

    image courtesy : mineralminers.com

    Aventurine gemstone was found long back in 18th century. Its name is derived from the Italian word “avventura” that means by chance. This gemstone was discovered by chance thus, named accordingly. Due to it’s unique healing properties it is also called as comfort stone. Some people associate this gem with ‘Patron Saint Andrew’ thus refer aventurine as Andrew or Andre. It is coupled as anniversary gemstone for the 8th year of the marriage.

    This attractive stone had always been in demand among the gemstone lovers because of its easy availability and fashionable look. With the growing popularity, more and more people want to buy it. For making successful purchase of any gemstone the buyer need to have little familiarity with the stone. Thus, this content fulfills the need of the necessary knowledge. It presents facts and information about this marvelous stone that would also act as buying guide. The content covers all the characteristics of the stone to the best possible extent.

    Aventurine Colour

    This is a green colored gem. This colour occurs due to the presence of chromium impurity in the chemical composition. Peach, brown, gray, blue, greenish-brown, bluish-white, bluish green and orange are few other colour shades of this stone but the primary colour remains green.

    Aventurine Cut

    Being a tough stone it can be easily given any cut. Jewelry designers thus try new innovative styles and shapes of this stone. Some common shapes are oval, round, pear, cabochons etc. Some usual shape is high dome shape used for rings. It is more popular as beads rather than gems. Beads in varied shapes are available in market. The most preferred bead shapes are round, oval and baroque.

    Aventurine Clarity

    It is semi translucent to opaque in nature and contains dull vitreous luster. It would mostly carry few inclusions of shiny mineral viz. mica or hematite due to which it attains the sparkling effect. This effect is termed as ‘aventurescence’, it occurs when light falls on the stone and the inclusions reflects it back creating the sparkle of different colours. Presence of mica in the composition offer silver sparkle and hematite results in reddish or grayish sparkle. These inclusions increase the value of the stone. Absolutely clean stone without any flaws largely resembles the precious stone Emerald but occurs seldom in natural form.

    Carat weight

    This stone occurs in large sizes as rough. After the initial gemstone cutting and polishing many different gemstones are created in different carat weights. When used as ornamental stone, the preferred weight of the stone is between 10-12 ctw. For the jewelry items the carat weight used is between 3-6ctw. The beads are processed in all sizes, from 2mm to 10mm.

    Price

    It is an inexpensive semi precious gemstone as found in abundant quantity in many parts of the world. The price is determined on the basis of colour, carat weight, clarity and origin. Bright green colour and high carat weight increases the price of the stone. In the same way a clear stone is priced more although in this gemstone it is rare to find the stone without any inclusions. Lastly, intense green colored gem from India are of superior quality thus, priced more than the stones obtained from other countries. The common man can easily afford it. The finest quality of Aventurine can be identified as brilliant green colored stone of high carat weight of Indian origin and without any inclusions. In case the inclusions are present and glittering effect is produced in the stone then price of the stone would increase.

    Occurrence

    It is a quartzite that is a form of a rock and not the mineral. This rock is formed when sandstone or sedimentary deposits undergoes high grade metamorphism under high pressure and temperature. Metamorphism is the process in which original material of the deposits alters into compressed rock. It is composed of more than one colour producing mineral and several interlocking macro crystalline quartz grains. It consists of mica and hematite in very less quantity that results in sparking of the stone.

    Aventurine Source

    India is the premium source of this green colored stone. Finest quality of green aventurine is procured from a small town Bellary in Mysore region in south central India. Brazil and Madagascar also produce green colored gemstones. White, orange and gray colored stones are found in Chile, Russia and Spain. Few other countries to produce it are Austria, United States of America, Japan and Tanzania.

    Enhancement and Imitations

    It is never enhanced till date. There are few imitations of the stone sold in the market. Man made glass known as goldstone is often sold as Aventurine imitation. The genuine stone can be identified through its glittering effect. When the true stone is moved slowly, it produces beautiful array of colours giving the sparkling effect while the man made glass containing copper would not produce the sparkle. This stone is sold under many trade names like Indian Jade, Indian Malachite etc. Buyers should never get carried away by such names as these are fake names that carry no value in the gemstone trade market.

    Aventurine Uses

    One of the unusual and primary use of this rock is that it is used as the lapidary material. This stone is also extensively used as ornamental stone carved efficiently into decorative items such as vases, bowls and figurines. Carvings done on a single stone is priced most. It is commonly carved into cameo that is valued in many parts of the world. Jewelry items holding gemstones are made of sterling silver, white gold and 14K or 18K yellow gold. This stone is very well paired with the moonstone and pearls. Bright green gems makes fascinating stud earrings. Drop earrings, chandelier earrings, cluster earrings and post earrings are also gaining recognized day by day. Pendants in cabochons shape are ideal for casual wear.

    It is widely used for the ornaments made from Aventurine beads. Necklace consisting of beads in baroque shape strung in 16-18 inches length with a sterling silver clasp is treasured most by females in the western countries. Similarly, round beads drilled in elastic chord is widely used as bracelets. While making the purchase of any beads buyer should always ensure all the beads should be of same size and should not hold any kind of breaks.

    Precautions

    It rates 7 Mohs on the hardness scale and is relatively a hard stone. As such no specific precautions are required. However, the general gemstone care is vital to be practiced for the longer retention of the stone. One important thing from the precaution point of view is that the translucent variety of this gem requires little extra care. It should never be exposed directly in the sunlight else the colour would fade in due course of time. And also excessive heat or large temperature changes can ruin the colour of the gem.

    Beliefs

    This beautiful gemstone is associated with sleep. It is very well named as comfort stone as it is believed to offer full relaxation and rest while sleeping to its wearer. In ancient time, it was said that the solutions to some of the acute problems could be found in the dreams during the sleep. Today, astrologers suggest to wear this stone in any jewelry item to those people who suffer from sleep related problems like insomnia, nightmares, sleep disorders, scary dreaming, walking in sleep etc. Hence by wearing this gemstone in form of ring or pendant can cure all the tribulations with respect to sleep and provides sound sleep.
    Apart from the sleeping comforts it also helps in the spiritual growth. It is widely used for aura cleansing, cosmic awareness and mental healing. Crystal healers refer this gem as ‘ The Stone of Great Spirituality’ because it aids to clam the troubled soul and offers inner peace. Few people use it for therapies in order relieve anxiety, stress and depression. It helps in curing diseases like migraines, hypertensions, blood pressure, problems related to eyes, lungs and heart.

    Aventurine is an incredible stone as it heals the soul through physical and mental healing. It also heals the heart by offering real happiness and making the wearer look gorgeous & charming. Also it enables the person to become emotionally independent and better decision maker. Thus, in few parts of the world some pioneers in the gem industry refer it is as “Healer of the Heart and the Soul.” Pioneers have well identified the power of this remarkable stone, now it is our turn!!

    Chrysoberyl Facts

    Posted on by admin

    Chrysoberyl Facts

    by

    Chrysoberyl  Properties

    Chemical CompositionIt is Beryllium aluminum oxide,  The chemical formula is BeAl2O4 .
    ColoursDifferent shades of green and yellow like bluish green, brownish green, greenish yellow, yellowish brown etc.
    Hardness8.5 Mohs.
    Refractive Index1.746 – 1.755
    Specific Gravity3.68 – 3.78
    LusterVitreous.
    Solid StateTransparent to translucent.
    Crystal SystemOrthorhombic crystal system.
    CleavagePoor cleavage.
    Heat SensitiveNo. pleochroism
    FracturesConchoidal to uneven.
    Bi-refringence0.008 – 0.009
    PleochroismWeak.
    SourceRussia, Brazil, United States, Myanmar (Burma), Tanzania, Zimbabwe, India, Madagascar, Italy and Sri Lanka.
    EnhancementNot enhanced.
    PrecautionsNo specific precautions required.

    Chrysoberyl Facts and Buying Guide

    Posted on by admin

    Chrysoberyl Facts and Buying Guide

    by Sheweta Dhanuka

    It is one among the hardest stone found. It rates 8.5 Mohs on the hardness scale. Thus, it does not need any specific care or precautions. It can be easily be used for daily jewelry items that are used for rough handling. General gemstone precautions are more than sufficient for this stone.

    Chrysoberyl was founded way back in 1789. The name is derived from two different Greek words. It can be split up into two words viz. chryso and beryl. The word chyrso is derived from the word chrysos that means “golden” while beryl word from berullos that means gem crystal. Thus, when we join both words we get Chrysoberyl. Similar to its names it possesses twin crystals within its structure. This property makes it an extraordinary gemstone.

    Buyer needs to know certain facts about this gemstone before making any sort of purchases. Apart from the usual information with respect to four important Cs, occurrence, uses, precautions etc. it is crucial to know the different varieties of this gemstone. This gemstone is known after its varieties. Thus, we would discuss the same first.

    Varieties

    This stone is quite unknown in the gem market. However, its varieties are very popular and fetch a high price. The first variety is Alexandrite, which is very rare. This stone needs no introduction, as it is known in the world due to its magnificent colour change property. It displays bright green colour in sunlight while the colour changes automatically to red or violet in artificial incandescent light. It is the most expensive gemstone in world. Only royal families or filthy rich people can afford it.

    The second variety is Cat’s eye. It is also called as Cymophane. It consists inclusions as thin as needle within its structure. These inclusions reflect the distinct band along the center of the gem when light rays passes across the crystal. The band keeps sweeping from one side to another when the stone is rotated in different directions. The colour of the band can be silver or golden colours emitted from the center of the crystal that appears like the eyes of a cat, therefore it is named Cat Eye. This cat eye effect is best visible in cabochon cut. This variety is treasured a lot but certainly less than Alexandrite.

    And the third variety is simply faceted transparent Chrysoberyl. It occurs in the shades of yellow, green and brown. It was used most in ancient times, precisely in Victorian and Edwardian jewelry. It is a fairly clean and fine gemstone but scores least popularity among all the three forms.

    These are the three different varieties, which are important to be known by the buyer. These properties are not at all related to Alexandrite and Cat eye. It is solely related to third variety of Chrysoberyl.

    Colour

    It is a procured in different shades yellow and green like bluish green, yellowish brown, brownish green, greenish yellow, etc. Shades of brown are also common. Other possible colours are gray and blue. The yellow colour appears due to the presence of iron impurities in the composition. This gemstone displays the unique phenomenon of pleochroism. This means that it emits different colour along the different directions when light rays falls on its different sides/facets. However, the stone displays weak plechroism, it is not very distinctively seen.

    Cut

    As it a very tough and hard stone, it can be easily cut in all the possible shapes and styles as required by the jewelry designers. It is brilliantly cut gemstone. Round, pear, marquise, octagon, cushion, oval, radiant and cabochon are quite common shapes.

    Clarity

    This gem has a vitreous luster and is transparent to translucent. It consists of few flaws and inclusions. It consists of white coloured streaks. Many times absolutely clean transparent gem is also produced in few countries.

    Carat Weight

    It is rarely produced these days but when it occurs the size of the rough is large. The carat weight of rough can go up to 100ctw and more. The stone used as gemstone possess the carat weight between 2-7 ctw. More than 10 ctw, finished gems are rare to obtain and over 20 ctw is further more difficult to find.

    Price

    Unlike other two varieties, this is quite affordable gem variety. Bright yellow and green shades are most preferred thus are priced more than other available colours. Similarly clean stone costs more than those consisting flaws and inclusions. Altogether, this stone is very friendly to the human pockets.

    Occurrence

    It is found in granite rocks, pegmatites and mica schists. It is also procured from alluvial deposits and when it comes in contact with metamorphic depsoits. Mainly it is recovered from river sands and gravels. It has one special property of producing the twin crystal. As rough it occurs in twinned crystals that is in thick tabular crystals as well as long prismatic crystals. These are massive and produce hexagonal cyclic twin effect referred as ‘trillings’. These are the result of a triplet of three “twins,” with each “twin” taking up 120 degrees of the cyclic trilling. The presence of twinned crystals can be one of the ways for judging the originality of the gem.

    The main sources of this semi precious stone are Ural Mountains of Russia and Brazil. Other countries that produce reasonable quantity are United States, Myanmar (Burma), Tanzania, Zimbabwe, India, Madagascar, Italy and Sri Lanka. It was treasured most in ancient times as was available in huge quantities. But now it is quite limited.

    Uses

    It is used as gemstone for making jewelries. It is very much durable and hard stone. Thus, most preferred for men’s jewelry. The ideal carat weight for men’s rings is between 4.5 to 7 ctw. For female earring and small ring size gems, the suitable weight is 1.5 to 3 ctw each. In one single jewelry item more than one gemstone can be used. In antique jewelry it used to be paired with other semi precious gemstone – Peridot. Apart from the jewelries it is also used as an ore of Beryllium.

    Precautions

    It is one among the hardest stone found. It rates 8.5 Mohs on the hardness scale. Thus, it does not need any specific care or precautions. It can be easily be used for daily jewelry items that are used for rough handling. General gemstone precautions are more than sufficient for this stone.

    Beliefs

    It was believed that people wearing this brilliant stone gain self-confidence and positive characteristics like kindness, compassion, forgiveness etc. It assists in achieving excellence in one’s professional and personal life. It was also said that by wearing this stone people experience peace of mind and positive attitude towards life.

    In ancient times it was believed that the people who possess Chrysoberyl would always remain rich and would prosper more in future. Today also most of the people dream to get rich and remain rich forever. Thus, the dream of getting can be realized in real life by acquiring this gemstone. Give it a thought!!

    Ametrine Facts

    Posted on by admin

    Ametrine Facts

    by

    Ametrine Facts

    Chemical CompositionAmetrine is macrocrystalline variety of quartz. The chemical composition is Silicon Dioxide having the formula SiO2.
    Hardness7 ( Mohs) .
    CleavageNone
    Refractive Index1.544 – 1.553
    Specific Gravity2.63-2.65
    LusterVitreous
    ColoursAlways contains any two colours viz. purple, violet, yellow
    Crystal SystemHexagonal  crystal system.
    DispersionMedium (.013)
    Heat sensitivityVery less.
    PleochroismWeak to distinct.
    Density2.66
    EnhancementAmetrine is not enhanced.
    SourceNatural occurrence at Bolivia and sometimes at Brazil.

    Morganite Facts

    Posted on by admin

    Morganite Facts

    by

    Morganite Properties

    Chemical CompositionIt is beryllium aluminum silicate and the chemical formula is

    Be3Al2Si6O18.

    ColoursDifferent shades of pink. Sometimes it can occur in light purple and orange/yellow colour too.
    StreakWhite
    Refractive Index1.57 – 1.60
    Specific Gravity2.71 – 2.90
    LusterVitreous.
    Solid StateTransparent to translucent.
    Hardness7.5 – 8 Mohs.
    FracturesConchoidal to uneven, brittle.
    Bi-refringence0.008
    Crystal SystemHexagonal crystal system.
    CleavagePoor, in one direction.
    PleochroismWeak.
    Dispersion0 .006
    Heat SensitiveYes
    EnhancementMostly enhanced to improve the colour.
    SourceBrazil, Madagascar, USA, Mozambique, Namibia, Afghanistan and Russia.
    PrecautionsProtect from sharp blows and hard hits, excessive heat and temperature changes. Extra care to be taken while carrying out the repair work.

    Morganite Facts and Buying Guide

    Posted on by admin

    Morganite Facts and Buying Guide

    by Sheweta Dhanuka

    This stunning pink coloured gemstone occurs in complex granite pegmatites in squat, tabular crystal form. It is also found alluvial deposits owing to its high specific gravity and hardness.

    Morganite, gemstone came into existence millions of years ago but commercially it was first discovered in Madagascar in the year 1911. In the same year it was named in tribute to eminent industrialist, banker and minerals collector John Pierport Morgan, thus getting its existing name – Morganite. It belongs to the extraordinary multi-colored Beryl-group. Perhaps it is the most admired gem from this family of gemstones due to its tender light colour. Being a variety of Beryl and pink in colour it is also known as ‘ Pink Beryl’.

    This is a rarely found semi precious gemstone. It takes time, energy and money to own this beautiful stone. Along with these valuable resources buyer also needs to have necessary particulars about the gemstone. Thus, this article shall provide the essential facts and information that would act as the buying guide for the buyer and assist him/her in buying the original stone. All the general characteristics are discussed like 4 important Cs, precautions, use, source etc.

    Colour

    It is found in varied shades of pink. The colour appears owing to the presence of manganese impurities in trace amounts in the chemical composition of the crystal. Few stones also occur in purple or slight orange/yellow in colour. This change in colour takes place because of the change in the concentration of impurities of manganese and iron. It is an important aspect to judge the quality of the genuine stone. The stone possessing bright and intense colour should selected over the pale and dull look.

    Cut

    Cut is the second vital criteria to determine the quality. A brilliant cut enhances the beauty and brightness of the stone that in turn increases its monetary worth. It is cut into many different styles and shapes. New shapes are created by the modern efficient cutter while the old traditional shapes always exists such as pear, round, oval, square, heart, marquise, emerald and so on. A small number of stones exhibit cat’s eye effect when cut and polished into cabochons.

    Clarity

    Flaws and inclusions are bound to be present in this gemstone. It always carries fine inclusions in its crystal system. Few stones might possess large flaws that are clearly visible by the naked eyes. Such stones are of very poor quality and should be avoided as far as possible. Absolutely eye clean stone is rarely found in the nature.

    Carat weight

    This glittering stone acquires vitreous luster and the transparency state varies from transparent to translucent. It is found in large sizes as rough. For making exquisite ornaments the stone size must always be selected of higher carat weight. In the large stones the quality is always expected to be much better than in smaller weight stones.

    Price

    As always, the above mentioned 4 Cs are the price determinant of the stone. Also being rarely found in nature it is relatively expensive. More intense and bright the colour, more shall be the price. The natural bright pink colour is valued most. A good cut enhances the beauty of the stone so is the cost. Finally, with the increase in the clarity and carat weight the price also increases. This semi precious gemstone consisting deep pink colour in a brilliant cut with high clarity in large size stone demands huge price. Treated stones are priced less. When used as ornamental stone, the carvings done on the single stone tend to be very expensive.

    Occurrence

    This stunning pink colored gemstone occurs in complex granite pegmatites in squat, tabular crystal form. It is also found alluvial deposits owing to its high specific gravity and hardness.
    Source – The primary producers of this dazzling gem are Brazil, Madagascar and few states of United States of America viz. California, Maine, Connecticut and North Carolina. Deposits at Mozambique, Namibia, Afghanistan and Russia also yield fair quantity of the gemstones.

    Enhancement

    It is mostly enhanced to improve the colour of the stone. Low quality natural stone contains higher concentration of impurities that leads to orange or yellowish colours thus such stones are heated at 250-450 degree Celsius to reduce the impurity content and acquire the bright pink colour. Stones consisting of large number of internal flaws are treated with special oil in order to hide these flaws. The result of all the treatments sustains for the lifetime and is pretty durable. However, these treatments or irradiations reduce the monetary value of the stone. Buyers should never hesitate to ask about the treatments performed on the stone before giving the final payment at the time of purchase. Some dodgy dealers would hide the facts concerning the treatments and charge the price of untreated stones, thus buyers need to be very cautious.

    Imitations

    This is rarely found in nature thus imitations are obvious to pop up in the jewelry trade market. The synthetic stones are produced and sold under different trade names so as to deceive the innocent buyers. Pink Emerald and Pink Aquamarine are such misleading names from which buyers need to be careful while buying the gems or the jewelry made using these gems.

    Uses

    This crystal makes a marvelous stone to be used in creating enthralling jewelry items. The metal used for making the jewelry could be sterling silver, yellow gold, white gold and platinum. It is heat sensitive gem and repairing of any jewelry piece is a big risk therefore, yellow and white gold used for making this gemstone jewelry should always be more than 18 karat. Less than 10 karat gold if used would arouse unwanted problems that leads to loss of gem, money and gold. Rings, pendants, earrings, bangles and necklaces holding this gemstone can be worn on semi formal and formal occasions. The carat weight of the stones to be used in these ornaments depends on the availability and the design. It can also be paired well with other precious and semi precious gemstone. At the time of purchasing these jewelry items, buyers should always ensure that the gemstone setting is firm and up to the mark else the stones might fall out.

    Large Morganite pieces are used as ornamental stone to make fascinating sculptures and carvings. People across the globe treasure animal figures and carved human faces on this stone. These pieces make extraordinary decorative items.

    Precautions

    It is considered tough and hard stone as it rates 7.5-8 Mohs on the hardness scale. It does not require any specific care but general gemstone precautions are ought to be taken for the longer retention of the stone. It tends to develop internal cracks due to sharp blows or hard knocks. Similarly, it has to be protected from excessive heat, large temperature changes and extreme sunlight else the mild colour of the stone would fade with the passage of time.

    The gems and its jewelry should be cleaned only with Luke warm soapy water once in many years. After cleaning it must be wiped off completely with soft dry clothe leaving no trace of moisture and soap else it might lead to some sort of skin allergy. Cleaning agents containing chlorine, enzyme cleaners and home ultrasonic cleaners all should be avoided, as it would certainly ruin the gemstone in some or the other way. Regular cleaning deteriorates the brightness and shine of the jewelry and also of gems thus, should be avoided. Finally, after use always store it with care in separate jewelry bag made of soft clothe like velvets. Gems must be wrapped in cotton and then stored in respective bag or box. These few precautions are simple but very important hence, should not be overlooked.

    Morganite jewelry owners have to take extra precautions while getting their jewelry repaired. This stone is sensitive to excessive heat and high temperature thus, it becomes quite risky to carry out soldering for the repairs. Moreover, the heat transmitted from the jeweler torch is equally harmful. Therefore, it is better to remove the stone from the jewelry piece before carrying out the soldering work/repairs or coat the stone with borax or proprietary heat-shielding material to avoid the damage.

    Beliefs

    It is believed to provide relief and positive attitude at the time of high stress. It aids in developing the soft skills such patience, hard working, communication skills etc. It also fosters love between the partners. From the medical aspect, this stone helps in curing the problems related to respiratory system and augments the supply of oxygen to the cells. Today, the astrologers suggest wearing this stone to cure the problems that takes place due to chaotic modern life. It relieves stress and provides peace at mind, body and soul. It also enhances the clarity of thoughts.

    This is a fantastic gemstone. High hardness and lovely delicate colour makes it most desirable choice amongst all the beryl group members. What holds this stone back to gain the popularity is its rare occurrence else it can easily create astonishing waves in jewelry trade market. If the pocket allows and you find gorgeous genuine Morganite gemstones then do take hold of it for sure and wear in any form and pamper yourself tenderly!!