Carnelian Facts and Buying guide

    Carnelian Facts and Buying guide

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    Carnelian Facts and Buying guide

    by Sheweta Dhanuka

    This stone is time-honored due to many overwhelming links from the past. This is a semi precious gemstone but in good olden days it was regarded similar value like precious stone. It was austerely restricted only to the elite class of the society.

    Carnelian is one of the members of chalcedony family. It is also called as Cornelian. It was a sacred stone for Egyptians and Tibetans. This stone is time-honored due to many overwhelming links from the past. This is a semi precious gemstone but in good olden days it was regarded similar value like precious stone. It was austerely restricted only to the elite class of the society. This was allied with the people belonging to the top of the hierarchy in terms of financial power and authority. After dying, individuals from this community were buried with this high valued gem.

    As it is associated with awe-inspiring fiction that could be a truth many people plan to acquire this astounding gemstone. Consequently, the demand goes up and some dealers plan to betray the innocent buyers with poor quality stones. Hence this article is written to acquaint the buyer with facts about Carnelian. The below text provides the information that would help in knowing the gemstone better. First the 4 Cs are conferred followed by source, price and other related attributes.

    Carnelian Colour

    It is mainly found in varied shades of intense red to reddish orange. Red is main colour but it consists of various mix colour shades red-orange and red-brown. The existence of iron impurities in the chemical composition gives red colour to the stone. These impurities are present in form of iron oxide/hematite. The genuine gemstone possess colour that glows in presence of any light source.

    Carnelian Clarity

    It holds dull luster. The transparency state of this lovely gem is translucent thus; due to its mass the inclusions present within the stone are not visible through the naked eyes. As rough it contains fractures and cracks on its outer surface. These are removed during the initial gemstone processing.

    Cut : This remarkable stone is firm and sturdy therefore it is easy for gemstone cutters to give any desired shape. However, the most universal shapes seen in regular jewelry is either smooth oval or round. Usual shapes like square, marquise, emerald and many other creative shapes can be created but are not commonly seen. All these shapes are distinctive but do not highlight the beauty of the stone as oval or round.

    Carat Weight : Large size of this gemstone looks wonderful in rings, pendants and stud earrings. It is regarded as precious stone but is priced as semi precious stone therefore high carat weight single stone could be selected. This stone below 1 ctw is rarely available. Mostly the size of stone selected for diverse jewelry items falls between 2-5 carat weight. Higher the carat weight more becomes the cost of the gem.

    Carnelian Price

    It is found in abundance in several parts of the world. The copious quantity makes this as an affordable gem. The main price determinants for this gemstone are colour, carat weight and country. Bright red colour is valued most followed by reddish orange and other colours. As mentioned, with the increase in carat weight price also increases. Lastly, supplier country plays a role in deciding the price. Gems from India and beads from Madagascar are of premium quality that are most sought after. This is the reason why the price increases if these countries furnish the buying items. Clarity and cut are 2 Cs that are important to consider when making the purchase but does not affects the price.

    Occurrence: It is micro-crystalline quartz. It is found deep inside the sedimentary, igneous and metamorphic rocks. During the volcanic eruption when lava burst these rocks are formed holding this compact fibrous structure. Rocks contains large amount of this chalcedony variety as rough, due to which the stone becomes reasonably priced.
    Source : It was first discovered from Arabia and Egypt deserts. At present, India is the prime source of this enthralling gemstone. The stones obtain from India are mostly bright in colour and requires no enhancement. Madagascar comes second as the important source. Fine beads reddish brown or reddish orange in colour are best obtained from this country. Few states in South America also produce fine quality gems possessing rich reddish orange tinge. Australia, Brazil, China, Scotland, West Germany, Colombia, Saxony, Russia and few part of Africa are some more countries contributing to the world’s total Carnelian supply.

    Enhancements: This splendid gem is often enhanced to improve its colour. The stones that are light in colour are heat treated to attain the bright red orange hue. Dull and pale stones are sporadically dyed to acquire the intense colour. Buyers should always ask the dealer to specify whether the stone owes its colour to treatments or is natural. The International Gems Organization accepts the different treatments performed to enhance the beauty of the stone but selling enhanced stone at the cost of natural stone is against the law.

    Carnelian Imitations

    :Many beliefs are associated with this semi precious gemstone making it’s demand very high. With the modern techniques artificially synthetic stone are produced and sold under different fancy names. Even pale pebbles are stained in deep reddish orange colour. It is common practice of cheats to stain poor quality agate and sell the same at the price of a original Carnelian. Buyers need to be cautious while making the purchase. They should be careful against the illusion of fancy names and attractive offers. Few common trade names for this stone are red agate, red chalcedony and red quartz. In order to keep away all future distress, the credibility and reputation of the seller should be ensured before making any purchase from him. These days International Gemstone Organization certifies the dealer for their reliability. These dealers are liable to give written certificates mentioning the authenticity of the purchase made by the buyers.

    Uses : It is widely used for making exquisite jewelries. Yellow gold of 14K, 18K or 21K is mostly used for making all the jewels. Sterling silver is yet another metal utilized for making striking items. These two metals are regularly used for crafting the necklace, pendants, earrings, rings and so on. Platinum, white gold and palladium are very expensive metals therefore are seldom used. The reason being, cost of these high cost metals does not complement the net worth of the stone.

    Carnelian Jewelry for Men

    Finger ring is the only carnelian jewelry item for men popular around the world. Single stone in dark brown orange hue in oval shape is ideal for rings made up 18K or 21 K gold. The beauty of the rings is augmented with the large size stone. The minimum size of the stone should be between 2-4 ctw however; higher carat weight could be selected as suitable to one’s pocket.

    Carnelian Jewelry for Women

    Jewelry varieties for women is like a vast ocean that contain unlimited and never ending water. These are diverse forms of items that are created for women like necklace, rings, earrings, bracelets, bangles and so forth. All these could be created using either the gemstone or beads. Carnelian beads are also very much accepted. Handmade bracelets, chains and earrings with beads are very attractive. The size of bead could vary from as small as 2mm to as large as 12mm. It is even paired with beads of other stones like jade, turquoise etc. It all depends on the design. One should always make sure to restring the beaded jewelries after some time as the old string might break due to regular use. Similarly, stones are used making lovely ornaments. Single stone more than 2 carat weight offers the magnificent look to the jewels. It has its own exclusivity therefore pairing with other stones is relatively less common.

    Other than jewelry, it is widely used for making eye-catching cameos and intaglios. The carving done on this stone looks wonderful due to its deep red colour. Further, as it is translucent in nature the carved design is emphasized to its best. Italy is the main source for finest artwork made from Carnelian same as other gemstones.

    Precautions: It is rated 7.0 Mohs on the hardness scale. The good hardness rate makes it ideal for daily wear jewelry, as it does not require special care. Only general gemstone care is sufficient as it certainly seeks some attention. Relatively being a sturdy stone, it must be stored in separate jewelry box. It is durable yet a sharp blow or hit could lead to unwanted cracks. Once the stone is cracked it would certainly brake in next few days. Thus, it is very important to be watchful from hard blows.

    Beliefs : Egyptians had a strong conviction that this gemstone seizes special supernatural powers. Therefore, they used to wear it as amulets so that after death the soul easily leaves the last life and goes into the new. Due this reason many Egyptian tomes had carnelian stones engraved. Europeans used to wear it for good luck, hope and material comforts. Greeks and Romans used to wear it in signet rings to get the shield against sin. Indians and Tibetans also believed that it has special powers related to life after death.

    It is believed to proffer the owner with energy and strength at the time of illness. Strength is regained after sickness by eating right kind of food. Therefore, it is suggested to wear this stone in finger ring as it improves the appetite. This trait of the gem makes it an energy booster for its possessor. It is also said to ward off the bad vibrations as well as negative thoughts. It is also supposed to be a boon from the purpose of health problems. It is alleged to stop bleeding and heal the wound. It also helps in blood purification. Today astrologers suggest people to wear this fascinating gemstone to control the anger and develop more patience. It aids in developing good sense of humor thereby bringing joy and happiness. The most important faith associated with this gem is that it safeguards its owner against poverty.

    Carnelian gemstone is certainly only one of its kind. Like all other gemstone jewelries it too enhances the beauty of the wearer but most extraordinary characteristic is that it acts as a faithful guard for health and wealth of its owner. It undoubtedly is an energy booster in each and every aspect. Noble families in ancient times were smart to confine this multifaceted stone exclusively for their community, No such restriction subsist nowadays so try your luck and get hold of this versatile gem today. What say !!

    Carnelian  Physical Properties

    Chemical CompositionThe chemical composition is Silicon dioxide and the chemical formula is SiO2.
    ColoursDeep red, reddish orange, reddish brown.
    HardnessVaries between 6.5 – 7 Mohs.
    Refractive Index1.543  – 1.554
    Specific Gravity2.65 – 2.67
    LusterWaxy to dull.
    Solid StateTranslucent.
    Crystal SystemTetrahedral crystal system.
    CleavageNone
    Heat SensitiveNo
    FracturesConchoidal
    Bi-refringence0.009
    PleochroismNone
    Optical CharacterUniaxial
    EnhancementHeat-treated to improve the colour.
    PrecautionsOnly general gemstone precautions required.
    SourceIndia, South America, Madagascar, Australia, Brazil, China, Scotland, West Germany, Colombia, Saxony, Russia and few part of Africa

    Obsidian Facts

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    Obsidian Facts

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    Obsidian  Properties

    Chemical CompositionIt is Silicon Di Oxide and the chemical formula is SiO2.
    ColoursBlack, Dark Green, Dark Brown. Other rare colours are blue, gray, red and orange.
    StreakWhite.
    VarietiesSnowflake Obsidian , Sheen Obsidian and Rainbow Obsidian.
    Specific GravityApproximately 2.6
    Refractive Index1.48 -1.50
    LusterVitreous to glassy.
    Crystal SystemNot Applicable. It is amorphous in nature.
    Hardness5 – 5.5 Mohs.
    Solid StateOpaque to translucent.
    FracturesConchoidal.
    SourceUnited States, Hawaii, Japan, Iceland, Java, Hungary, Russia, Ecuador, Italy, Mexico and Scotland.
    EnhancementNot enhanced.
    PrecautionsProtect from sharp blows, scratches, harsh chemicals and cosmetics.

    Obsidian Facts and Buying Guide

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    Obsidian Facts and Buying Guide

    by Sheweta Dhanuka

    After the volcanic eruption, while hot lava flows into the water some changes takes place during that time. These changes result in change in the chemical composition and surface of flowing layers. There are three possible changes. Therefore, Obsidian occurs in three different varieties.

    A person known as Obsius discovered Obsidian in Ethiopia. Thus, it is named after his name. It is natural volcanic glass. Its amazing shining and dark colours makes it preferred choice for jewelry gemstone in every generation. This article provides the buyer an insight to this incredible stone with respect to colour, clarity, origin, varieties etc.

    Colour

    It mostly occurs in black. Dark green and dark brown are also commonly seen. Other rare colours are blue, gray, red and orange. The colour difference appears due to change in the impurities and oxidation state of the chemical elements. It is mostly dark in colour as it is rich in Magnesium and Iron. When variation takes place in the oxidation state of iron, it results in green colour. Similarly variation in both magnesium as well as iron gives black colour to the stone and the presence of hematite in the chemical composition gives red or brown colour.

    The surface of this gemstone consists of beautiful patterns in form of streaks, patches, spots, inclusions or colored bands. These varied patterns are created naturally at the time of formation of the stone. In the gemstone market the patterns are being identified as distinctive varieties of the stone and all the varieties are used widely.

    Varieties

    After the volcanic eruption, while hot lava flows into the water some changes takes place during that time. These changes result in change in the chemical composition and surface of flowing layers. There are three possible changes. Therefore, Obsidian occurs in three different varieties.

    Snowflake Obsidian

    Black colored Obsidian consisting of grayish white or pure white inclusions is known as Snowflake Obsidian. These inclusions can appear as patches, spots or streaks on the surface of the stone. It is formed when crystallization occurs in the flowing lava, the silica molecules within the glass are arranged in an organized crystal pattern. This process is called as “devitrification.” During this process the stone looses its glassy texture as white colored inclusions are created.

    Sheen Obsidian

    In this variety, on the surface of the stone small bubbles are visible that offers the stone with the reflectance of gold or silver sheen (refers to shine). Thus, it is named as Sheen Obsidian. It occurs when hot lava flows into the water, very small inclusions of water vapor in the form of bubbles are formed and gets stretched along the flowing layers. After the lava is cooled the bubbles are left behind as it is. These later cause the reflectance of gold or silver shining.

    Rainbow Obsidian

    When microscopic crystals of feldspar or mica are created along the flowing layers of the hot lava, it yields beautiful colours viz. blue, green, purple or bronze within the glass. Thus, this variety is referred as Rainbow Obsidian. Different colours can appear in form of a band on the surface of the stone. It is priced most among all the varieties due to its fascinating beauty. When cut in cabochon, round or oval the various colours appear in the center of the stone and the entire look of the stone changes to bull’s-eyes that reflect in the light. This stone is ideal for pendants.

    Clarity

    It is not a clean stone. It contains fractures in curved shape. These fractures intersect and make the edges of the stone very sharp. Being a glass, it does not have any proper shape or form. It is opaque to translucent in nature and possess vitreous or glassy luster. A genuine stone would have a smooth surface like a mirror.

    Cut

    An efficient cut can offer the entire difference in the look of the gemstone. As the beauty of the stone is enhanced most is cabochon shape. The cutters for the modern designer jewelry pieces create numerous shapes and styles. Beads are made from this stone and can be given any shape like round, oval, sleek chips form and many more.

    Carat Weight

    This stone occurs in massive large pieces. After necessary polishing all the sizes are created with different carat weight. For carving, stone with high carat weight is required. The ideal stone weight varies between 2 to 6 ctw for rings and earrings. Pendants can accommodate any carat weight.

    Price

    The gemstone is priced on the basis of the carat weight. These two are directly proportional to each other that is higher the carat weight higher shall be the price. On the over all scenario this gemstone falls in the affordable range of the common man. The variety – Rainbow Obsidian is valued most in terms of money among all the three varieties of this gemstone.

    Origin

    When volcanic lava comes in contact with water this mineral is formed. In the process of formation, after the volcanic eruption takes place the lava flows into the ocean/lake/river and gets cooled quickly on the rock giving no time for crystallization to occur. This cooled lava turns into solid volcanic glass known as Obsidian. The lava can flow anywhere in the water to any rock and also between the rocks. Thus, this mineral is formed in compact lumps or thick massive layers and is amorphous in nature.
    It is procured from different countries where volcanic eruption takes place and the lava is rich in silica such as Hawaii, Japan, Iceland, Java, Hungary, Russia, Ecuador, Italy, Mexico and Scotland. Arizona, Colorado, Texas, Utah and Idaho states of United States produce respectable amount of this stone.

    Uses

    Our stone age ancestors used this stone for making cutting tools like knives and blades due to its sharp edges. They also made arrowheads and spears to protect themselves from animals and enemies. Today, with the change in technology it is used in different ways. It is used in many medical treatments such as bacterial and viral inflammations, general muscle tissue healer, scalpel by doctors in very sensitive eye operations etc. Archaeologists make use of this stone in excavations. Its bright shiny black colour makes it very popular as ornamental stone for carvings. Many decorative pieces are made from this stone. Even pen stands, desk sets, clock stands, office souvenirs, jewelry boxes are created magnificently.

    Last but not the least, it is used as a semi precious stone for jewelries. It makes captivating rings, earrings, bracelets and pendants. It is very well paired with another semi precious stone such as Aventurine and Turquoise. The jewelries can be made of sterling silver or 14K / 18K yellow gold. Snowflake and rainbow varieties are more common for gemstone jewelry.

    However, this stone is mostly used as beads for making lovely jewelry pieces in sterling silver. Many females treasure beaded necklaces of this stone. Black beads with white streaks look very attractive. Beads can vary in size from 2mm to 10mm and can be of any of the three varieties. These are also used for making stud, rondelle, hoop and dangle earrings in sterling silver that are suitable for casual wear.

    Precautions

    It is rated only 5-5.5 Mohs on the hardness scale and needs extra care. As it is fragile, it has to be protected from sharp blows and scratches. It is a very delicate stone. While wearing it, the wearer has to be extra cautious as once dropped would result in split of the stone or beads for sure. Excessive exposures to harsh chemicals and cosmetics should also be avoided. The jewelry pieces must be stored in a separate jewelry box lined with soft cloth or velvet or cotton.

    Beliefs

    It is believed to offer courage, self-control, strength and wisdom. It is considered as a stone of honesty, sincerity and truth. It prevents the wearer from negative thoughts and energies. It helps in changing the misappropriate behaviour and overcoming the harmful obsession.

    All together it is a stone that enables the individual to be a better person by developing the positive and eliminating the negative characteristics. So if one wants to gain maximum positive qualities in life then should try wearing this stone. All the best !!

    Moonstone Buying Guide

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    Moonstone Buying Guide

    by Seema Susheel

    Moonstone is rare gem and is basically found in Sri Lanka, India, Burma and America. Moonstone is usually colorless but also is found with a silvery sheen and many colors like white, sky blue, pink and orange. This gemstone has a hardness of 6 to 6.5 mm which makes it convenient to be shaped in to many different kinds of ornaments and assures that it’s strong and durable.

    Why is moonstone known as the moonstone, is it because of its translucent beauty which is similar to the tranquil beauty of the full moon or is it the cooling nature of moonstone that’s similar to the serenity that the sight of the moon gives us. The reasons maybe many but to have a moonstone as a pendant, earring, finger ring, beaded chain or bracelet is like beholding the beauty of moon close to you to cherish for lifetime.

    Moonstone- profile

    Moonstone is rare gem and is basically found in Sri Lanka, India, Burma and America. Moonstone is usually colorless but also is found with a silvery sheen and many colors like white, sky blue, pink and orange. This gemstone has a hardness of 6 to 6.5 mm which makes it convenient to be shaped in to many different kinds of ornaments and assures that it’s strong and durable. Moonstone is a collector’s item as it’s not available in large quantity and hence you can get good quality and brilliant beauty for a reasonable price. Moonstone is distinctive and beautiful because of the shine it emits, the texture is watery and reflective. The stone looks different when kept in different angles; the moonstone surface observes and emits light differently in different angles. When worn as a beaded necklace or bracelet gives a stunning look as it moves with the body. The play of light with this beautiful stone gives it a magical shine. The soft pleasing color in combination to the impressive shine gives moonstone a more feminine character. It’s been widely used by jewelry designers worldwide to create fashionable jewelry for today’s woman who looks for variety in her jewelry collection. The amazing color range, the striking sheen, and the good quality of stone makes moonstone jewelry a fashion which is catching on fast.

    Moonstone jewelry – different styles

    The most popular moonstone jewelry is the finger ring. It’s worn as a finger ring because it’s aesthetic or because it suits a person zodiac and would bring luck. There are entire sets of matching moonstone earrings, finger ring, necklace, and bracelet, set in platinum or white gold with diamonds around giving the whole piece a stunning look. The simplest form of moonstone jewelry would be the ever popular single pendant, worn with a silver or gold chain the moonstone shaped as a sphere, pear, grape or a teardrop. This jewelry item is simple yet stunning. The moonstone pendant when worn would gel with the charms of a young girl and it would also supplement the dignity and confidence of a working woman. The moonstone jewelry suits all ages and people with different skin and hair color across the world

    Moonstone- mystical properties

    Moonstone according to Indian belief is believed to be sacred and is used as a talisman to protect against evil and ill happenings. The women folk are supposed to wear moonstone for fertility and protection during pregnancy. According to the Chinese lore moonstone is believed to balance the yin yang or to say in simple words the moonstone balances the positive and negative energies in a person leading him towards more peaceful and fruitful life. Moonstone is supposed to arouse passion and magnetism among lovers and hence it’s a popular gift between couples. According to Ayurveda moonstone is related to the heart chakra or to say it calms the fear and anxiety and changes these emotions into peaceful understanding and self confidence to face situations without getting all worked up mentally about it. Moonstone jewelry is been popular from the medieval times. There is a lot of excellent moonstone jewelry kept in museums in Europe telling stories of their usage by the royals of yesteryears. Moonstone embedded throne and elaborate neckpieces, charming brooches and finger rings all tell tales of the passion the royals had for moonstone jewelry. The moonstone had smitten them with its shine.

    How to go about buying moonstone

    The most comfortable place to buy moonstone is through web. You have wide variety of unset moonstone which you can buy online and make the jewelry of your liking. You can even go for moonstone set in jewelry and can find interesting pieces for a reasonable price. You will have to devote a little time towards surfing the net to choose the right website where in you will make your purchase. The website should have a user friendly, pleasing site look and a good range, many options and lot of business going on online. The most important is the customer support they provide and the assurance that your purchase reaches you safely on time. For first time jewelry buyers on net, it’s a little difficult task to choose the right website and the anticipation till you receive the buy on your hand is killing. The difference in monitor settings and color can change the way a gem is pictured in a website. In reality you might not receive the color that you thought you ordered. As nothing can be done with the picture color and the actual not matching you should purchase from a site which assures that it sells only high quality and color gemstones. There should be a hassle free processes of returning back the purchase if you are not satisfied. The site should offer guarantee and give you entire information on the moonstone jewelry you buy. You have the right to know how much you are paying for what.

    For people who have a little more time at hand, shopping personally in a reputed jewelry shop is a comfortable idea. You get to see and feel what your eyes choose out of a lot, in set or unset moonstone. You could select an unset moonstone, give the design you like and discuss the price and place an order. The jewelers dealing with the trade of gemstones keeps a range of different shapes, color and quality of the gemstone. The jeweler can source rare moonstone shapes and size from his business partners and totally give you a customized jewelry piece where in you will know what you are paying for.

    Crystal Quartz Facts

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    Crystal Quartz Facts

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    Crystal Quartz  Properties

    Chemical CompositionIt is Silicon Dioxide the chemical formula is SiO2.
    ColoursColourless, White, Gray, Pink, Purple, Brown and Black.
    StreakWhite
    VarietiesAmethyst, Citrine, Rock crystal, Smoky quartz, Rose quartz, Chalcedony, Agate, Chrysoprase, Sardonyx, Onyx, Carnelian, Flint, Jasper and Bloodstone.
    Specific Gravity2.65
    Refractive Index1.54-1.55
    LusterGlassy to vitreous
    Hardness7 Mohs.
    Solid StateTransparent to translucent
    PleochroismNone
    FracturesConchoidal.
    Bi-refringence0.009
    Crystal SystemTrigonal Crystal System.
    CleavageNone
    EnhancementNot enhanced
    SourceWorld side occurrence. Brazil, USA, UK, Scotland, Russia, Mexico, Germany, Montana, Switzerland and Madagascar.
    PrecautionsOnly general gemstone precautions are required.

    Healing through Moonstones

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    Healing through Moonstones

    by Madhubanti Rudra

    Rainbow moonstone is yet another magic of nature. The multiple hues do not only make it look great, its colorful rainbow effects have the power of cleansing your soul and flooding your inside with plenty of positive energy.

    Deriving its name from the beauty of full moon, moonstone has always been revered for its gentle effects across the civilizations. The ancient Romans and mighty Greeks who believed moonstones to be emerged from the moonlight, always kept this stone close to their hearts for many of its magical healing and curative prowess. Even in the turn of a new millennium, people could not ignore the charm of this translucent stone and the soothing effect that it brings to one’s life.

    Amazing advancement in science and technology has changed the life of man and his surroundings for ever. In this changed world, natural healing solutions have simply become a rage. Astrological remedies have become the most popular among them both in terms of trust and success rate. All people go through some tough phases of their lives caused by the mal functions of weak planets in their birth charts. According to Indian ancient philosophy, from where the science of Astrology was believed to be originated, the radiations of the natural gemstones are blessed with special “astral” powers. As such, flawless good quality gems are capable of promoting good fortune and health, while poor quality gems may invite bad luck in forms of ill health or loss of fortune.

    According to the Hindu scriptures, power of gems emanates from the nine planets known as “nava-graha” which have their specific associated gems and accordingly Pearl is recommended for Moon. Known as Chandramani in Hindu Astrological literatures, the moonstone is recommended as the secondary stone for moon. Moonstone is prescribed for warding off the evils caused by a disadvantageous position of moon in the birth chart. In general, moonstone is worn for squeezing the cooling effect at the time when sun enters in a negative position. As moonstone has all the qualities of pearl, it is worn as the substitute for pearl. Like pearl, moonstone is also associated with the strengthening of mental faculties and maintaining emotional balance. It also helps to maintain the tranquility of your inner self and enhances self control. However there is one difference between the effect of pearl and moonstone. The cooling effect of Moonstone may reach such a point that leaves the wearer exposed to the cold and cough related diseases. That is why, moonstone is advised to be worn along with some other gemstone that is capable of producing enough heat to neutralize the chilling effect of moonstone.

    Special powers of different color moonstones

    The commonest variety of feldspar (adular), moonstones are found in different shades of color. The chemical amalgamation of calcium, sodium or potassium and aluminum silicate render this stone with different soft and soothing hues that range from colorless to pale white, yellow, or blue. Generally moonstones are transparent, but sometimes the milk-white variety comes with blue or white schillers which give the stone, the effect of moonshine.

    Although the calming effects of moonstone do not depend on its color, presence of different tones in the stone are capable of producing extra benefits. The moonstone with a greenish tone ensures a good physical growth, while the black tones help in intellectual developments. The moonstones with white tones add to the spiritual insight. On the other hand, a stone with blue hues have all the above virtues in one.

    Rainbow Moonstone

    Rainbow moonstone is yet another magic of nature. The multiple hues do not only make it look great, its colorful rainbow effects have the power of cleansing your soul and flooding your inside with plenty of positive energy. Like the rainbow it also harmonizes such human qualities as endurance and compassion to make the character emotionally balanced. That makes one confident and creatively inclined.

    Moonstone and the Women

    One of the most acknowledged fertility crystals, moonstones are believed to play a special role in the lives of the women. A traditional symbol of goddess Moon, it imbibes all the gentle attributes of a caring and sharing mother and wearing moonstone helps to enhance these feminine qualities. Moonstone which is associated with women’s monthly cycles is particularly good for post-menopause women. It is also believed to protect the women during pregnancy and child birth and helps in the process of rebirth. They are also helpful in enhancing feminine energy and intuitive abilities. They solve many gynecological complications relating to obesity, pituitary gland, hormonal misbalance or menstrual problems. A moonstone is also believed to assist in regenerating the tissues and organs of the reproductive system. The moonstone increases the tolerance level and helps to absorb pain and illness.

    Moonstone and the male energy

    Although, moonstone is traditionally associated with the well being of the women, it may create wonder for the men as well. For the calculative men of the world, moonstones can strike a balance between their heart and the brain. It helps in their emotional expressions and enhances their creativity. Wearing a moonstone helps a man to develop intuitive visions. It helps to improve on their instinct of sacrifice too.

    Mystical Powers

    Although folklores often lack scientific foundation or myths are short of historical evidence, they have a permanent place in the hearts of people and they have great inspirational values too. It is this belief system that adds to the material value and popularity of the gemstones. For that matter, in eastern, as well as western countries moonstone has always been revered as a stone for rendering clairvoyance and it has also been regarded as a great love booster. A symbol of fertility, moonstone has been recommended for those associated with plantation and cultivation. The people engaged in sea related professions like the sailors or swimmers are also believed to get protection from moonstones. Because of the symbolic connection of moon’s journey through the Zodiac, moonstone is respected as a protective ‘amulate’ for the night travelers. It also protects the children from nightmares and takes care of the nursing mothers.

    In general, moonstone spells new beginning and rejuvenation, fosters abundance and replenishment and stands for wisdom and insight.

    Crystal Quartz Facts and Buying Guide

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    Crystal Quartz Facts and Buying Guide

    by Sheweta Dhanuka

    In ancient times, it was used for making tools and weapons. And also since many years it is used as ornamental stones and gemstones. All the varieties of this stone are used for creating fascinating carved pieces ideal for decorative purpose. Sculptors of humans and animals made on single stone are treasured a lot by the filthy rich group of people of the society.

    Crystal Quartz, the name is derived from two different words. Word crystal is derived from the Greek word krystallos, meaning ‘ice’ while quartz is derived from the Saxon word querklufterz which means “cross vein ore.” In Greek mythology it was belief that crystal quartz is formed from ice thus, named accordingly. It is the symbolic gemstone for the 15th year of the marriage.

    It is found in many varieties. While making the purchase, buyer needs to be aware of the general information about the quartz and its different forms. This article proffers the necessary details about the quartz on the broader aspect. It also gives the facts that would act as a buying guide, assisting the buyer in making the genuine purchase of the gemstone. All the common characteristics like 4 Cs, occurrence, precautions, uses etc have been discussed catering to the needs of the buyer.

    Varieties

    It is divided into two broad categories viz. Macro crystalline and Cryptocrystalline. Macro crystalline are the larger crystals easily visible by the naked eyes. Few names of this variety are Amethyst, Citrine, Rock crystal, Smoky quartz, Rose quartz. Cryptocrystalline crystals are quite tiny in nature and could be seen through the microscope. Chalcedony, agate, onyx, Sardonyx, jasper and bloodstone are few to mention of this variety. Both these forms are widely used as ornamental stones and gemstones.

    Colour

    It occurs in diverse colours but the prime colour remains clear stone without any colour. The colorless quartz is known as rock crystal. Different varieties of quartz come to being in different colours like cryptocrystalline crystals are multicolored. Few other colored varieties are amethyst is purple, rose quartz is pink, milky quartz is white /cloudy gray and smoky quartz is brown/black/gray.

    Cut

    Crystal quartz is cut into many diverse shapes and styles, as it is a hard and tough stone. Cutters give new creative cut to the stones depending upon the design of the jewelry pieces. Some of the common shapes are round, oval, marquise, square, princess cut, pear and many more. Beads are also made from the rough into different shapes like round, oval and baroque.

    Clarity

    It is transparent in nature and possess vitreous luster. It contains inclusions of carbon dioxide and water. Flaws are also the result of the presence of other mineral in traces in the chemical composition of the stone. Thus, without flaws or inclusions, to find an absolutely clear crystal is next to impossible. However, while the initial gemstone processing the necessary measures are taken to minimize the inclusions but the complete elimination of the flaws is not viable. The inclusions are found in geometrical patterns or layered in the natural state.

    Carat weight

    The macro crystalline variety of quartz occur in large sizes as rough while cryptocrystalline is found in small sizes. After initial gemstone processing and polishing various stones are created of different carat weight. For the jewelry items the most sought carat weight is between 3- 6 ctw. Beads are created in the sizes of 2mm to 8mm. When used as the ornamental stone, the preferred weight is 12-14 ctw.

    Price

    Wide occurrence makes the price of the gemstone quite affordable for the pockets of the common man. Broadly, the price is determined on the basis of carat weight and clarity.

    Clarity and price is directly proportional to each other that is higher the clarity (minimum inclusions and flaws) higher shall be the price and vice versa. Similar proportionality concept exists between the price and carat weight. With the increase in carat weight the price of the stone also increases. The carved pieces made on one single stone are valued most in terms of money.

    Occurrence

    This alluring beauty is formed deep inside the earth crust when crystallization occurs of two abundant elements viz. silicon and oxygen. It forms total of 12% of the earth crust. Wide variety of igneous, metamorphic and sedimentary rocks holds this crystal. These macroscopic crystals universally occur as horizontal hexagonal prisms concluded by a combination of positive and negative rhombohedrons forming six sided pyramids. It is mined naturally.

    Source

    It is the only mineral found in large quantity around the different locations in the world. Brazil, United States of America, Russia and few African countries yield all the varieties of this crystal. Other notable occurrences are – Amethyst is also procured from Mexico, Uruguay and Canada. Smoky quartz is obtained from Swiss Alps and Scotland. Superior quality of Agate is also produced at Lake Superior region, Montana, Mexico and Germany. Colorless quartz or rock crystal quartz is retrieved from United Kingdoms, Switzerland and Madagascar.

    Enhancement and Imitations

    Quartz varieties are not enhanced. However, only few gemstones undergo heat treatments to improve the colour. In spite of being found in abundance, it is also produced synthetically in many parts of the world. Silica, a glassy non-crystalline form of crystal is sold as its imitation. The synthetic quartz is also sold under different trade names to mislead the innocent buyers.

    Uses

    In ancient times, it was used for making tools and weapons. And also since many years it is used as ornamental stones and gemstones. All the varieties of this stone are used for creating fascinating carved pieces ideal for decorative purpose. Sculptors of humans and animals made on single stone are treasured a lot by the filthy rich group of people of the society. Some people even like to utilize the originally found rough as a decorative piece in its natural form. Finely cut designer shapes of this stone are used for making striking chandeliers and lampshades. Astonishing bowls and containers are also made out of this crystal that can be used as crockery/utensils and for decorations as well.

    Its amazing beauty and affordability makes it very well liked as gemstone. The colorless quartz is commonly used as diamond imitation. Other varieties are widely used for making attractive jewelry items. The ornaments are made of 14K or 18K or 21 K yellow gold and sterling silver. White gold and platinum is used less as the high price of these metals is not well complemented with the monetary worth of the quartz gemstone. All the varieties of quartz are very well paired with other semi precious gemstones such as Peridot, opal, rhodonite etc.

    Beads are also prevalently used for making captivating ornaments. These are available in all sizes and shapes. Many females for the casual wear favor beads strung in silver thread with the silver clasp in form of necklaces and bracelets. The ideal length for the necklace is 16-18 inches while for the bracelets it is 7-8 inches, which is further adjustable as per the choice of the wearer.

    Apart from these usual uses, it is used as electrical components, radio oscillators, optical lenses, abrasives and building stones. Tiny quartz plates are used in clock and watches for controlling the radio frequency. The crystal quartz is used for healing and offering spiritual guidance. Fortunetellers use large colorless crystal ball for predicting the future. Pyramids and spheres are made which are used as metaphysical objects.

    Precautions

    This simple stone rates 7 Mohs on the hardness scale and is considered a tough stone. Hence, it requires only general gemstone precautions and care. The jewelry made up of this stone is not suitable for the daily wear, as it would certainly result in the reduction of the lifespan of the stone. It is hard yet soft to be used for routine activities without giving much attention. It equally needs to be pampered a little bit like other precious and semi precious stones for the retention for the lifetime.

    Beliefs

    It is believed to offer enhanced mental clarity, emotional stability and positive thoughts to the wearer. It helps in improving the concentration. It also aids in curing the mental disorders like lung disorders, skin problems, circulatory system troubles and respiratory system disorders. It provides relief from pain and strengthens the immune system.

    Crystal quartz is the mineral found in loads on the earth crust. It is within the reach of the simple man. For attaining this gemstone, buyers need not have a bulging pocket. And those who seize any inclination towards the precious and semi precious gemstones can surely acquire any of the quartz varieties and satisfy their long prolonging desire to own one of the stones. The possession of the gemstone would offer the owner the true bliss and ecstasy. So just give it a try as it is worth trying!!

    Adularescence effect in Gemstones

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    Adularescence effect in Gemstones

    by NASRINA PARVIN KHAN

    The milky, bluish/white sheen named as adularescence in moonstone appears to float along the transparent body. Thus the phenomenon adularescence seems to be move around the body of the stone when it is turned.

    Special optical phenomenon is the property of gems which give the distinct identity of gems and add value. Adularescence is such a phenomenon that has been specially seen in moonstone.

    A milky sheen or wavy glowing light effect which appears to come from below the surface of the gems is known as adularescence. Orthoclase feldspar named moonstones is the only example which exhibits the true adularescence.

    Sometimes, a golden shifting light displayed by certain quartzes and opals in the interior of them is known as “adularescence”. But usually it is called as “girasol” effect.

    Adularescence in moonstones

    Adularescence of moonstone and Labradorscene of Labradorite are related phenomena and looking similar. Both the gems belong to feldspar family and this is the reason of their similarity.

    The milky, bluish/white sheen named as adularescence in moonstone appears to float along the transparent body. Thus the phenomenon adularescence seems to be move around the body of the stone when it is turned.

    The name adularescence derives from “adularia”. Because the moonstone which posses the phenomenon mainly historically known as “adularia”.
    Adularescence_in_moonstones
    image: Mineralminers.com
    The most popular color of moonstone is blue, but it also found in gray, white, pink, green and brown etc. normally the nature of moonstone is transparent to translucent.

    Traditionally moonstone came from the country Sri Lanka. The Sri Lankan moonstone are classical bluish and nearly transparent in nature. They are also found in USA, Australia, Brazil, Myanmar, Madagascar and India. Indian specimen shoe cloudy plays of light with beige brown, brown, orange, green background.

    The distinct pearly moon like glowing shimmer of moonstone caused by the reflection of light.

    How Adularescence happens?

    The structural pattern of the gem is the reason of this distinct optical phenomenon. Moonstone is made up of potassium Aluminium silicate. Adularescence is caused by the layer effect due to presence of tiny inclusions of another feldspar in the host material. Inclusions of sodium feldspar by exclusion in the potassium feldspar create a layer, where thin inner strata of two types of feldspar intermix. Interference effect of light occurs in gems due to these layers. Reflected light scatters equally in all spectral regions and produce a shiller. The colors of the shiller may be white, blue or blue-and orange by this phenomenon. But the valuable as well as desirable color of this shiller is blue, which is usually produced by a white or gray body colored stone. Thin layers help to produce attractive shiller, whereas less attractive whitish shiller produced by thick layers. The size or distance from layer to layer determines the colors we see in many cases.

    Unique play of light, which called as adularescence, makes moonstone very special. Cutting is very important for moonstone to show the phenomenon adularescence. The stone must be cut as tall, domed shape, which called as cabochon to exhibit the phenomenon. The exact height of the stone is very essential. Thereafter the axis of the crystal must be located exactly in the zenith of the stone.

    Polishing is also important to get the desired effect. A dulled moonstone can be obtained the magical effect of adularescence by the polished in such a way.

    Usually, the moonstone are available in transparent to translucent way. But a larger and more transparent stone is more valuable than others. Intensity of the color is also add value to the stone.

    The soft, sensuous, mysterious glowing light effect named as adularescence in moonstone gives the stone a feminine character and makes it attractive. Moreover the movement of the stone helps to exhibit the phenomenon adularescence. So, to create the seductive charm of adularescence in moonstone, it requires be wearing and moving a lot.

    Actually the astonishing effect of adularescence makes the moonstone seductive, sensuous and highly desired and more valuable.

    Agate Facts and Buying Guide

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    Agate Facts and Buying Guide

    by Sheweta Dhanuka

    The variety of colours found is immense yet some common colours are green, yellow, purple, black, orange, brown, red, reddish-brown, white and bluish-white etc. Colour change takes place due to change in the impurities and its content in the chemical composition such as red occurs due to presence of either one of the mineral viz. iron, chromium, cobalt or cooper.

    Agate is an innovatively created gemstone by the nature. It belongs to the chalcedony quartz family. It was found thousands of years ago in Achates River in southwestern Sicily that is now know as Dirillo River. The name Agate is derived from the initial name of the river-achates. It is the birthstone for the month of May and anniversary stone for 12th year of marriage.

    This is an attractive semi precious gemstone with huge diversity in it. Easy availability, moderate price, good looks etc are few features that make it well liked in the circle of gemstone lovers. It is a simple stone without much specification hitherto general awareness about it is essential while making the purchase. This article provides the all-purpose information that could also be used as buying guide. Agate occurs in many different forms but here only few imperative varieties are mentioned. The characteristics discussed are about Agate as a whole not specific to any one single variety.

    Varieties – It is procured in varied forms. To know this gemstone well, one has to be aware of its varieties too. All forms are used as gemstone and ornamental stone. These differ from one another due to the change in impurities in the composition. The varieties are differentiated on the basis of colour of the bands.

    Moss Agate: It is a clear stone, green in colour and contains visible impurities. It is also known as Mocha stone. This is the most-sought-after variety. It is considered close to nature and said best suited for those related with agriculture industry. Helps in creating the balance within the sides of brain.

    Dendritic Agate: It is black or white in colour. The structure of this form of Agate is that of tree with trunk having big and small branches. It contains manganese oxide impurities that form the fabrications and so on.

    Riband Agate : In this gemstone, the bands are broad and appear as straight lines across the gemstone. It is also known as ribbon agate.

    Ring Agate : As the name suggests, it comprises of bands in form of concentric circles in varied colours. It is also called as eye agate.

    Plume Agate: It is named after its plume like shape. Colour varies from shades of blue, white, yellow and red. United States of America is the primary source for this variety.

    Fire Agate: The formation process of this variety is quite distinctive. Like all it is also produced during the volcanic eruption or in basalt. It is layered in one micro-thin layer in vugs from hydrothermal solution at a time. Similarly few more layers are formed then among these layers some reflect light back in the pattern of rainbow giving rise to bubbles and sheets of different colours viz. brilliant blue, red, yellow and green.

    Colour – This fascinating gem is available in varied colours. The variety of colours found is immense yet some common colours are green, yellow, purple, black, orange, brown, red, reddish-brown, white and bluish-white etc. Colour change takes place due to change in the impurities and its content in the chemical composition such as red occurs due to presence of either one of the mineral viz. iron, chromium, cobalt or cooper. Black owes its colour to iron and manganese. Green is due to iron, chromium, nickel and copper while blue is because of iron, titanium and cooper. Iron oxide leads to brown, chromium to yellow and manganese to pink and violet as well. Apart from the impurities, colour is also affected by change in temperature, radiation, pressure and weather.

    Bands are the distinctive feature of this colourful gemstone. Each and every stone possess concentric bands in different colours and textures. These bands are formed when impurities reacts with the solidifying gel in the volcanic lava at the time of crystallization. Difference in bands occurs because of the variations in the impurities and its content in the composition of the stone. This process is entirely natural therefore no two stones would have similar bands. Furthermore the pattern of bands is irregular. It could be circular, patches or haphazard lines etc.

    Clarity – It is vitreous to glassy in luster. Being, translucent or opaque in nature the presence of flaws or inclusions is not of much significance. Moreover, while processing the rough into a gemstone, through cutting and polishing the presence of flaws further becomes unnoticed. In this stone clarity is not much helpful while making the purchase of a genuine stone.

    Cut – This trait is very crucial. The end look of the stone is reliant on the cut it is given. The natural bands of stone are enhanced if given the appropriate cut therefore; cutters have to concentrate on the bands while cutting. It is a hard stone thus, it can be given any shape like round, pear, square, emerald and so on.

    Carat Weight – In natural state this marvelous gem is found in large and massive form. At the time of preliminary gemstone processing, the rough is cut and polished to create medium and smaller stones of different carat weight. As per one’s pocket one can select the suitable stone of any carat. Gems between 2-4 ctw are apposite for the jewelry items and gives splendid look as well. This weight is neither less nor more and is affordable too. The stones used for creating the ornamental pieces has to be between 4-9 carat or even more.

    Price – This awesome gemstone could be acquired easily as it is available at reasonable price. Only few stones with extraordinary bands or scenes are priced more yet affordable. The price is ascertained on the basis of carat weight, cut and bands structure. Price increases with the increase in carat weight. A good cut that highlights the bands enhance the beauty of the gem hence is worth more. Bright stones consisting of unusual and exclusive bands are valued more in terms of money. The sculptures and carved pieces made of one single solid piece are priced higher than those items where more than one stone is used.

    Occurrence – It generally occurs as rounded nodules or veins. It comes into existence during the volcanic eruption in the cavities of eruptive rocks or the volcanic lava. After the volcanic eruption, flowing lava starts solidifying then few gas bubbles are trapped in it. These bubbles later are filled with alkali and silica-bearing waters, which set as gel. Then alkali and iron present in the surrounding lava reacts resulting iron hydroxide forming the bands within the gel. Finally, gel looses water and crystallization occurs leaving the bands in one piece. It forms in shallow depth and low temperature.

    Source – This colourful gemstone was first mined at Nahe River valley in Germany. Nahe deposits are now said to be exhausted. Today, it is found across the globe. The next larger producers are Brazil and Uruguay. Some other countries proffering agate are Mexico, Egypt, Congo, Italy, India and Nepal. It is generated in immensity at Oregon, Washington, Idaho and Montana states of USA.

    Enhancements – It is porous in nature thus, often artificially stained or dyed to enhance the appearance. Enhancement helps in increasing the net value of the gemstone. The skilled people perform all the treatments and the retention of the changed appearance of the stone lasts for many years.

    Imitations – This gemstone comes in many different colours. It is procured quite easily. It is priced moderately still many jewelers sell poor quality stone as agate. Glass agate and Iceland agate are basically poor quality of obsidian that are treated and later sold as agate. Similarly, glass opal stimulant is named as Lake Superior fire agate or Mexican agate and sold at the price of pure agate.

    Use – It has jewelry, ornamental and industrial use. Treasured a lot by the lapidaries. Carvings, cameos, intaglios and beads made up of this gemstone cherished by many people. As ornamental use, splendid figures and sculptors are created from large stones. Agate bowls, letter openers, crockery handles, paperweights, bookends and guitar picks are also fairly popular. These are ideal for decorating the house, office and guesthouse etc. Beads are created in striking cabochon shape are used for making exquisite flat or rounded ornaments. Apart from cabochon, other possible shapes are oval, round, baroque and square. The size varies between 1mm to 9mm. Bracelets and necklaces of beads are pretty in demand among the females in almost every corner of the world for casual and professional attire.

    Handcrafted jewelry items are made from the well-created stones of different carat weight. Earrings, pendants, broaches and rings made from this gemstone are likes by females in every corner of the globe. It is idyllic for jewelry worn for daily basis. Sterling silver, 18K yellow gold, 18K white gold and platinum are used for making these ornaments. However, silver is used maximum amongst all the accessible metals. The reason being, silver enhances the beauty of the gem more than yellow gold. White gold and platinum are used less because two of these metals are not suitable in the economic terms. For industrial purpose, it is used in the manufacture of grinding equipment.

    Precautions – It is rated between 6.5-7 Mohs on the hardness scale. Its hardness rate specifies it as sturdy and long-lasting stone. Therefore, any specific care is not required yet general gemstone precautions are essential for the lifetime retention of the stone. Although the gem is hard and do not requires much care but by taking the precautions the gem and its jewelry would always look as up-to-the-minute.

    Beliefs – In ancient times it was used as powerful amulet or talisman to protect the wearer from all dangers and provide necessary strength. European royal families had passion for collecting bowl made up of Agate that can be seen even today in European museums. In past people used to wear it in order to attain the power to overcome the enemies and acquire wealth. Greeks used it for protecting themselves from hazards of sea.
    Today astrologers suggest this stone for curing all sleep allied problems like nightmares, bad dreams etc. It is also helps in remedy of insomnia and pancreas turmoil. Blood circulation smoothens by wearing this colour versatile gemstone. Apart from the medical treatments, it creates the balance between the physical, emotional and spiritual state of the wearer. Enhances the analytical ability and improves perceptiveness. It eliminates and cleanses the negative energies from the body.

    This multi-faceted gemstone is plain and elegant. It can be worn on different occasions. Try wearing this marvelous gemstone and experience the feeling of eternal joy and happiness. Worth trying !!

    Agate Facts

    Chemical CompositionIt is silicon dioxide and the chemical formula is SiO2.
    ColoursGreen, yellow, purple, black, orange, brown, red, reddish-brown, white and bluish-white.
    StreakWhite.
    Refractive Index1.545 – 1.554
    Specific Gravity2.57-2.64
    LusterVitreous to greasy.
    Solid StateTranslucent.
    Crystal SystemTrigonal.
    Hardness6.5-7 Mohs
    CleavageNone.
    FracturesConchoidal.
    LuminescenceNone
    BirefringenceWeak, between 0.005-0.009
    EnhancementRegularly dyed or stained to improve the colour.
    SourceGermany, USA, Brazil, Uruguay, Mexico, Egypt, Congo, Italy, India and Nepal
    PrecautionsGeneral gemstone precautions to be taken.

    Important Agate Mines In The World

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    Important Agate Mines In The World

    by RITIKA CHANGRANI

    Agate is a hard semi-precious mineral commonly used as an ornament and a gemstone and this is found almost all over the world including places like USA, India, Asia, Brazil, Africa, Germany, Italy, Mexico and Nepal.

    agateNature has given the Agate gemstone the most creative of stripes and colors. It is the chalcedony quartz in concentric layers that give it its variety and a range of colors.

    Agates get formed when a cavity or a niche in the host rock is filled. Due to this, it is found as a round nodule with rings or concentric bands. These bands sometimes look like scallops or eyes or even form a picture of trees in a landscape. Blue and green are rare colors in agate but for most part, you will find it in a variety of colors.

    Sometimes there are tiny quartz crystals that form inside the stone which greatly enhances the magnificence and distinctiveness of individual stones. Known as drusy, these tiny crystals are used by Lapidaries where just the drusy is cut from an agate. The jewelers then use these drusy cabochons as the accent or main stone in their design. Some varieties of agate of this type are moss agate, plume agate and eye agate.

    Mining Of Agate

    Agate mines are found almost everywhere in the world. But some of the more important mines are found in USA, Russia, Europe and Canada. Let’s start with the mines of South Dakota USA. Agate is part of the gemstone and mineral industry which has grown from strength to strength in recent times. Agate is one of the most well known of all stones in this area. The official stone of South Dakota is the really beautiful Fairbanks agate found in the Black Hills. This stone is characterized by sharp bands that run perfectly parallel to each other. The next place in the USA for agate is Arizona. Here too gemstone production is well developed and while it is peridot and turquoise that lead the way, agate, jasper and some others are of equal importance. Agate deposits are found scattered across Idaho also.

    AgateIn Mexico, agates are found primarily in the states of San Luis Potosi and Aguascalientes. They are known for their fire agate and the multicolored fire agates are found in Calville in Aguascalientes. Another very beautiful agate is called the Apache Agate which is characterized by its floating red colors that can be seen in the clear agate. Southeast of the area of Apache agate are the cousins called the Laguna and Coyamito are part of the banded agate groups but the Apache Agate still stands apart from them. Here the bands are not as sharp as other agates found in Mexico.

    The two main deposits of agate can be found on the Mexican ranch of Agua Nueva which is located about 20 miles northeast of the Laguna agate deposits in Chihuahua in Northern Mexico. It is situated in front of the far mountain around the corner to the left and through the ravine. One specializes in the vein agate and the other is a nodular agate. The vein agate which is known for its tube formation was mined in 1997 and 1998.

    In a remote corner of Chihuahua Mexico one finds the Apache Agate deposits nestled on a ranch about 35 miles southeast of Nuevo Casas Grandes. Winding dirt roads going north through the tiny towns of Malpais and EL Apache, the agate deposits can be seen on a narrow ridge between an arroyo that drains the mountains to the wets and a bigger drain that comes in form the northwest. Till the early 1070s the ridge point was mined by hand and then came the dozer in 1970.

    Central European Russia boasts of mines which are along the left bank of the Oka River near Stupino, about 100 km south of Moscow. These are the Prioksky quarry or Golutvin. Here agates in limestone and agates are found.

    Germany mined agate in the Nahe River valley which was documented as early as 1497. This brought about the rise of the cutting centre called Idar-Oberstein. Brazil has rich deposits of agate and this was discovered when in the 19th century, the Idar-Oberstein’s cutters exhausted the agate deposits at Nahe and they went on to mine the deposits in Brazil. It lead to a major explore and discover program which brought to light rich deposits of agate, tourmaline, amethyst, citrine, topaz and other gemstones.

    In Canada, the Thunder Bay is one of the three places where Agate is found in veins and it is the only agate mine in Canada. But in California, not far form the Palo Verde, tucked away, deep in the Mule Mountains lies the Opal Hill Mine. This mine is famous for its very rare and magnificent fire agate, quartz crystals and opal eggs.

    The mine is made up of rock outcrops and holes where the agate has been mined which is quite unlike the mental picture one has of a mine being deep with tunnels and shafts. This mine is privately owned but for a small fee, the public can have a look around. Some effort and some hard work ensured that you come away satisfied with the fiery agate you get to take back with you. Opal hill mine is one of the active mines in the world which is producing the fire agate.