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    Watch Buying guide

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    Watch Buying guide

    by Seema susheel

    Watch tells for how a man is. A watch is the most cherished gift a parent would give to his child for the first time on his 12th year to write the school examination. Watch is the only accessory that’s 100% worn by everybody. The Stone Age had the prehistoric man holding the club and going out to face the day; the modern man wears his watch and faces the outside world.

    Watch tells for how a man is. A watch is the most cherished gift a parent would give to his child for the first time on his 12th year to write the school examination. Watch is the only accessory that’s 100% worn by everybody. The Stone Age had the prehistoric man holding the club and going out to face the day; the modern man wears his watch and faces the outside world. The watch serves the purpose of showing time and date, is a status symbol and also a fashion accessory to adorn any wrist.

    Why would you want to buy a watch?

    The purpose of buying a watch for most of the people is not just to see time which is the primary reason. There could be many more secondary reasons like the following.You are upgrading your existing watch; want to go for the latest design in the market. A design, which is happening and in fashion!

    You want to keep a collection of amazing watches in different designs and styles to suite every dress and occasion. A watch to suite formal, casual and party wears. There are watches with different material such as leather, steel, plastic etc.

    You have found a certain position in life, the kind you always dreamed of and you want to celebrate it with changing the existing daily wear watch to the hi-class expensive watch. A beauty on your wrist, showing your success!

    This is the first serious watch buying you have set your mind on. You can choose from the brand which gives you best quality, design and guaranty.
    You are looking at buying a watch to gift a friend, colleague, or for a wedding anniversary. You can go for the pair of women’s and men’s watch to suite a couple.

    You want to buy an expensive watch as an heirloom for your grandchildren. You could go in for the Swiss classics which are proven for their style, class and are expensive with a good value appreciation.
    Your new career challenges demand you to go for a watch with features that will make your life easier.

    Types of watches

    The basic division in watch is the woman’s and men’s watch. As per the characteristics of men and woman the watch designed for them also has similar characteristics like the woman’s watch is feminine, sleek, glamorous, studded with colorful semi precious stones etc, to suite her dainty wrist. The men’s watch is bold, bigger, and the design and features are made appt for a man’s wrist.As you have a special expensive dress for special events in your life there is wide range of expensive watches made of gold, platinum, steel, studded with diamonds, rubies, pearls etc to go for your special day. These expensive watches are worn by the elite and are one of ‘must haves’ we dream to acquire.

    Many people would want a different range of watches to suite their lifestyle and personality. There is the sports watch to suite a person whose lifestyle includes outdoor activities. The sports watch will have added features like stop watch. A waterproof bigger dial with bold numerical is perfect for comfort as well as style.

    There are many features like date and day, seconds in numerical, dual time zones, alarm facility, stop watch and watches where the dial glows in the night to show time. There are watches with changeable straps, different colors to match different dress.

    In the watch industry new innovations and designs are making each watch different and interesting than the other, hence there are many watches all around the world to choose from.

    Fix a budget

    Money should be criteria for buying the watch as the watch should be worth the price and give you a hassle free performance. You can go for a little more expensive watch so that the investment is worth the price and you get good looks and good reliability with good service too. If it’s the only watch you’re going to buy and wear then you have to give it some more thought and put in money when you’re sure this particular brand promises latest style and performance. If you think a particular fashion is for few days and you are found of wearing different kinds of watches then you could buy the less expensive ones and use it till it lasts. You could even have many watches from low to high price range.

    Watch maintenance criteria

    There are two kinds of working in watches one is automatic and the other is quartz.Quartz is the most used watch worldwide. Once you buy a watch you have to also think of the future service needs the watch will require. Like are there enough company approved service centers in the city you stay. You have to take care to buy the watch from a authorized dealer as in case if something goes wrong with your watch the manufacturer won’t give you a guarantee if its not purchased from a authorized dealer You have to take care that the features the company provides in the watch have maintenance facility for these features in the service centers.

    For example if you want to go for a eco-drive watch where in the battery is charged by the light energy then before buying this expensive piece you should know whether the company can provide assurance that the watch will work without any problems and there are service centers in your city to provide service. You don’t want unnecessary headache after paying a huge amount. If you want to buy a water resistant watch then make sure you are buying from a reputed company as the watch should actually be water resistant. Many companies subject the watches to tests which determine whether the watch can resist water even in deep waters. Make sure that your watch comes with a guarantee as depending on the manufacturer some give 1 year guarantee some provide lifetime guarantee, see that you buy a watch complete with case and the informational material and the guarantee card.

    BLACK PEARL BUYING GUIDE

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    by Sheweta Dhanuka

    These are procured only from the land of Tahiti. Pinctada Margaritifera or black-lipped oysters are grown in the waters of French Polynesia and the Cook Islands. The pearls are produced in the womb of these oysters.

    Black Pearl NecklaceBlack Pearls are exceptional variety of pearls that every woman having known its grandeur would yearn for the jewelry holding these pearls. Frenchman, Jean-Marie Dormand was the father of cultured black pearl farming. The first harvesting of black pearl was done in the year 1965. It was exported foremost in 1972 and since then it has seen the robust growth.To make the purchase of genuine pearls at the correct price is a tough task. While buying it if the buyers have no information then it is suicidal and even little knowledge might turn to be treacherous. In such circumstances buyers should put off the plan of purchase for a moment and search out the complete know-how about it then after ensue for the acquisition. This content aims to proffer the buyers with the preeminent reliable and comprehensive information about these elite pearls.

    Black Pearls are also called South Sea Black pearls. These are procured only from the land of Tahiti. Pinctada Margaritifera or black-lipped oysters are grown in the waters of French Polynesia and the Cook Islands. The pearls are produced in the womb of these oysters. With the attempt to facilitate the purchase of true black pearls government of Tahiti had laid down few regulations. These rules have to be followed by the sellers as the legal rules and by the buyers as the buying guide. It begins with size, nacre thickness, luster, surface quality, natural colour and shape. Some more characteristics are discussed to provide additional information about this extremely precious gift.

    Size : The size of pearls is articulated in terms of the diameter and the unit used is millimeters (mm). It is measured in two ways. First is by the shortest diameter and secondly it is measured along the two diameters -the longest and the one after it. Round and semi round shapes are measured by the first while the rest three are measured in second way. The accepted size of black pearls gauge between 9-12 millimeters. The pearls measuring between 12-14 millimeters are associated as cream of the crop. Size between 14-16 mm is rare in nature hence are most precious and very expensive. More than 16mm is even more rare. Size more than 18mm is beyond the imagination and would fetch the price as high as sky. Buyers must ask for the micrometer and check the size of the pearl themselves in an attempt to evade all future bombshells.

    Nacre Thickness : This characteristic determines the life and luster quality of the pearl. Nacre is the successive layers deposited on the nucleus surface of the pearl. It can be thick or thin. Thick nacre is more than or equal to 80%, less than this percentage is referred as thin nacre. Tahitian government allows the pearls with the thick nacre to be exported while the rest with thin nacre are rejected. Thick nacre enhances the look of the pearl as the effect body colour along with overtones and luster is doubled.

    Luster : In layman’s words luster refers to the shine and gleam while technically it is the quality of the light reflections from the pearl’s surface. When light falls on the surface of the pearl it is reflected back in different directions from the internal layers of the nacre. Generally Tahitian pearls posses high luster yet it could be ripped into four that is very high, high, medium and soft. Very high luster means light reflections are brilliant while high luster refers to bright reflections. Medium is moderate reflections and weak reflection is soft luster. Dull luster is seen in the pearls with thin nacre therefore as pearls with thin nacre are rejected so is the pearl with dull luster. This characteristic along with the surface quality plays vital role at the time of pricing.

    Surface Quality : Surface quality refers to the outer appearance of the pearl. As pearls are produced by the natural process it tends to have some or the other imperfection. Gemstones consist of flaws where as pearls have blemishes on it’s surface. These blemishes are easily visible by the naked eyes and as such no specific instrument is needed. The surface quality is split into four. These are Clean-Very Lightly Blemished, Lightly Blemished, Moderately Blemished and Heavily Blemished. These ratings are done one the basis of the smoothness and amount of blemishes on the surface. Tahiti government had made the rule that the pearls very poor in surface quality (having blemishes more than the quality D) could not be exported and had to be sold within the boundaries of the country itself.

    Quality A : This type is clean to very slightly blemished with very high luster. Slight blemishes imply less than 10% of the surface that even are concealed later on while making the drill hole. The surface is completely smooth. This type is quite rare in nature. Everyone seeks this clean surface quality but for buying it one needs bulging pocket.

    Quality B : It is lightly blemished with high luster. Light blemishes refer to imperfections less than one third or 33% of the surface.

    Quality C : This type is moderately blemished with medium luster. It is certainly more than one third but less than two third of the surface that is less than 66%.

    Quality D : It is heavily blemished with soft luster. In this type the blemishes are fully concentrated and are more than in the two third of the surface that is more than 66%.

    Natural Colour : Pearls from Tahitian land could enlist varied colours from the edge of the black lipped oyster that produces it. The pearls seize black, blue, green, brown and gray body colours. Most of the pearls hold attractive overtones like lunar blue, silver, gold, gray-pink, peacock green, rainbow and reddish purple. Pearls are formed in diverse permutations and combinations of body colour and overtones. Overtones are the additional colours that increase the value in the economic terms. Pearls without any overtone are priced very less as compared to those having overtones. Further, regular deep black and gray with overtones of peacock green and rainbow are very costly.

    Colours are created by the nature itself in the black-lipped oyster. The colours possibilities are ahead of the control of the farmers doing the oyster farming. However, few oyster farming theories suggest that the trace elements present in the water where the oyster grows might be the reason for varied body colours and overtones.

    Shape : It is first and fore most characteristic of the pearls that ought to be studied by the buyer at the time of the purchase. There are five distinctive shapes of the Tahitian pearls.

    Round – This shape had, is and always shall be most in demand. It is completely round sphere with diameter variation less than 2%. Perfect round shapes are procured rarely.

    Semi-round – It is also round but a little imperfect in shape. The diameter variation rate varies from 2 -5 %. It is also known as off round or near round. To differentiate between round and semi-round shape, roll the pearl on the flat tabletop. If it rolls straight in one direction then it is round and if it deviates from the straight line it is semi round in shape.

    Semi-baroque – This shape is not round but has as a minimum of one axis of rotation so that it could spin on a flat surface. It is could be found in four different shapes viz. pear, teardrop, oval or button.

    Circled – This shape contains idiosyncratic bands, streaks, rings or grooves perpendicular to an axis of rotation of the pearl. These rings cover more than 75% of the pearl’s surface. Out of the total harvested cultured pearls this shape accounts for 30%.

    Baroque – It is always irregular that consist of no symmetry. It cannot be spin at all as it does not have any axis of rotation.

    Price : Price is ascertained from the surface quality, size, colour and shape. It decreases from quality A to quality D. The cost increases with the increase in the size of the pearl. Slight increases of minor 1mm can also make the cost increase drastically. Body colours with overtones are priced more than the pearls with plain body colour. Finally the perfect round is priced maximum and minimum for baroque shape. Black pearls are very precious and thus are expensive. However, it could meet all the budget restrictions. For example when it comes to reduce the price with the compromise in one of the characteristic then it should be shape. Shape is important but it does not affect the durability but only the look. Further, when all the pearls are strung together in the string the shape of the single pearl is not even noticeable. In case of jewelries holding single pearl the defect in the shape is veiled at the back and covered with the metal.
    Occurrence : Pearls are produced in the womb of black lipped oyster. It is the miraculous amalgamation of animal and mineral cultivated by man. The farming of oyster requires stacks of care like when weather is stormy it needs to be engrossed in the lagoon where as during the summers it needs to be taken to the cooler place. The farmers coddle oysters as their own babies. Oysters are grown for minimum two years. At the time of harvesting barely 30% of the oysters cultured generate a pearl. The by-products of cultured pearl harvesting are mother-of-pearls as well as Keshi and Mabe. These are widely used for decorative purpose and jewelry like earrings, pendants, rings and broaches.

    Imitations : Artificially black colored pearls are created but they lack the natural bright colour and high luster as that of original pearls. However, to produce something identical to Tahiti black cultured pearl is very difficult. To shun every single chance of getting befooled, make the purchase only from the truthful and reputable dealers.

    Precautions : Black pearls are the most delicate darlings. In order to enjoy wearing pearls for the lifetime several precautions and care is required. Woman those who sweat a lot should avoid wearing pearl jewelry on a regular basis and must wear it occasionally. The acid present in the sweat ruins the durability, luster and shape of the pearl. It should be protected from vinegar, lemon juice, baking soda, cleaning agents like detergents or soap etc. and cosmetics such as hair sprays, perfumes and bleaches etc. Exposure to excessive heat could dry it off and make it prone to splits/cracks. Always ensure to remove it before going for a swim or wearing the dress made up rough fabric like Shetland wool etc.

    At the time of taking off the pearl jewelry always clutch the shank or metal part instead of the pearl. This would evade the probability of loosening of pearl from the jewelry. After the use the pearls must be cleaned with the damped cloth. Once in a while it can be dipped in the slight salty water and polished with the drop of olive oil to maintain its luster. Home ultrasonic cleaner, steam cleaning and toothbrush are absolutely no-no for cleaning. Finally it must be stored in a separate jewelry pouch made up of soft cloth. Storing in any jewelry box is not recommendable as after some time due to lack of air pearls could get dry and be prone to breaks. Pearl necklace must not be worn when the string is soggy because then string gets dirty soon and cleaning it is very difficult. With the purpose to avoid the likelihood of loosing the necklace always restrung it once in the year. These precautions would enable you to retain the pearl and its jewelry.

    Hard work, patience and utmost care gets paid off when mesmerizing black pearl is obtained. Farmers pamper black lipped oysters like infants then the amazing pearls comes into existence so we who own these pearls must continue to take care of these pearls like our own babies. Exquisite jewelries are created using it that makes the women look elegant and gorgeous. So be a good caretaker and look beautiful always.

    Belly Button Piercing

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    Belly Button Piercing

    by Binasaji

    The Egyptians, the Indians and many other cultures pierced this humble button to show the significance of the person sporting a pierced navel – Royalty, Warriors, exceptional Beauty.

    The best accessory for your smart new low waist pants is – Belly Jewellery. The look is hot and everyone wants it. Models, Actors, Singers and even the fashion-conscious teen down the road. And don’t think for a moment, Belly piercing is only for women. Men too are getting their belly buttons pierced for the nice look. Toned bodies are perfect for belly studs and even the not-so-toned bodies look better with sensual belly Jewellery.

    The most commonly pierced part of the body is the earlobe. Multiple earlobe piercing became very common and the fashion makers needed something new – a new and attractive part of the body to wear Jewellery on. Soon Lips, tongues, navels, eyebrows were sporting Jewellery.

    The humble belly button

    belly piercedThis the part of our body that connects us to our mothers via the umbilical cord – is just a tiny piece of the umbilical cord left on our bodies as a reminder of where we really come from. The navel has always enchanted mankind. The Egyptians, the Indians and many other cultures pierced this humble button to show the significance of the person sporting a pierced navel – Royalty, Warriors, exceptional Beauty. The Indian saree is considered attractive because it is worn below the waist and shows off the navel.

    There are a million options available in Belly Jewellery. Different metals, stones and designs. The two most common designs are the Belly rings and second are the bars. Piercing are done with either the rings or the curved bars. The curved bars have two balls at each end, to close the bars. Normally, these balls have inscriptions or pictures on them. The healing period differs from person to person, if can take from 4-16 weeks for healing to be complete. After the healing period, one can change their Jewellery as per their mood and clothes. Normally, Curved barbells are worn initially after the piercing as they allow for the safest and fastest healing. While selecting navel Jewellery, two measurements should be kept in mind – the width of a ring and the diameter of the bar, which refers to the length of the bar. Jewellery comes in varying sizes and thickness or the gauge of the piece. Thin Jewellery will have larger gauge numbers and
    vice- versa. The typical size for a belly button ring is 14g 7/16″ but now belly rings in any gauge and in any length from a quarter to one inch are freely available.

    Have you met anyone, who has got a piercing done with a material that does not suit them? The wrong material inserted into the piercing can create major problems – infections, allergies etc. There are several safe materials meant for piercing. Decide which one will suit your body to avoid problems later.

    Belly Button Piercing Metals

    The most basic and often used material is Steel. Plain or Surgical steel with acrylic or steel balls is used for piercing. The more fancy steel/acrylic balls have pictures or monograms on them. The other choice in metal is gold – 14carat or 18karat. Titanium, Silver is also used in making Navel Jewellery. Many women switch to a more pliable material during pregnancy, since it is flexible. So, if you would like more flexibility in your navel Jewellery, Teflon or Tygon is a good choice. While choosing piercing Jewellery, opting for metals, which are artificial or gold-plated, is not a good idea. After the wound is healed, you can use almost any material, if you are not allergic to it. Just remember, nickel is a common irritant. Do not use material with has nickel mixed in it.

    The options in Navel Jewellery are endless. The Internet is great to order Navel Jewellery from the comfort of your home. Try the simple ones with just pictures of your favorite star or symbol for a start. The more expensive ones include authentic Gemstones in gold, silver or titanium. Swarovski , the world famous Crystal experts too have navel Jewellery options. The adventurous type can try dangling their favorite charms from their belly button piercing. If you are the perpetual party-goers, a company has introduced Belly Jewellery which is treated with UV radiation and it glows under fluorescent light. This is available in several colors, making it difficult to settle for just one. Another site offers navel Jewellery that can be changed like you change your earrings. All you have to do is surf the web for exciting offers and new ranges of navel Jewellery. And above all, if you do not want to your piercing to show, just hide it with any of the navel retainers. No one will know!

    Belly button piercing is the second most pierced body part after the ears, with both men and women of all ages getting it done. The ring or bar which is inserted at the time of piercing is normally a little loose, just like comfort fit jeans. This is to mainly allow room for a little swelling. Later, you can get a more fitted ring if you prefer.

    This year instead of gifting a regular bracelet or earrings, buy your partner a Belly Ring with her/his Birthstone on it and watch the expression on their face. Belly Jewellery is very sensuous – both to wear and watch.

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    Caring for your belly piercing

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    Caring for your belly piercing

    by Binasaji

    The navel is a delicate part, the piercer should have at least 3-6 months experience in belly piercing. Normally the piercer will mark the spot to be pierced and only then pierce.

    The Belly ring is hot and you have decided to get one for yourself. Great! Just remember that if you think that getting your belly pierced is just like getting your ears pierced, it is not. Right from the procedure to the aftercare, there is a vast difference between the two. Ear piercing can be done almost everywhere and is normally done with an ear-piercing gun but when it comes to belly piercing, there are special piercing parlors, which should be certified. These are private parlors and privacy is an important requirement while piercing any body part.

    belly piercingThe piercing is done with a needle. The navel is a delicate part, the piercer should have at least 3-6 months experience in belly piercing. Normally the piercer will mark the spot to be pierced and only then pierce. A wrong marking can leave the belly ring in an awkward position and it can ruin the look completely. So be sure to visit a piercer who has enough experience.

    The healing period is very important after the piercing. It can take anywhere from 4-8 months and sometimes even 12 months, for the wound to completely heal. The ring or bar used during the piercing is normally loose to allow for any swelling around the navel due to the piercing. Swellings around the navel are normal as is a little bleeding. If there is redness, it should disappear within 2 weeks.

    During the healing period, you may notice some crust around the piercing and the navel ring or bar. This is just the body secreting a fluid that may lead to some itching and a crust. But be sure to make sure that it is not pus – a result of infection and can be dangerous. If infected with pus, the entire area will have a whitish tinge and will pain, when touched. Should this happen, get immediate medical attention.

    Although on the outside, your belly piercing may seem healed after a while, it does take at least 8 months for the underlying tissues to heal completely. Once healed, the belly Jewellery may not move freely – this is because the skin grows tightly around it and makes it tight. You may need to wiggle the Jewellery slowly everyday till it loosens up. Do not force it to move. The belly button is delicate and can tear if forced. If you really want to, the belly Jewellery can be changed during the healing period, but it is advisable to leave the initial ring or bar for the entire healing period. In case, the belly Jewellery needs to be changed, go back to your piercer and ask him to make the change.

    Hygiene is very important both during and after the piercing. Make sure the piercing parlor is clean and has a certification. Sterilization to kill all the bacteria is essential to avoid infection. The needle, any other piercing tools, the area to be pierced, the piercers hands or gloves should be sterilized in boiling hot water for at least 10 minutes or the piercer should use a disposable needle and gloves for the piercing. Even the navel Jewellery used should be opened in front of you. All these precautions can prevent infections and blood borne diseases like AIDS.

    Before you bare your belly, ask the pierce r what is his procedure for aftercare? What type of equipment will he be using – disposable or reusable? What is sterilization method followed by them? How much experience does he/she have? Does the parlor have any certification? What is the material of the belly bar or ring which will be used for piercing? Only use nickel-free material while getting your belly pierced – Surgical Steel, Gold, Titanium or even Tygon. Most piercers use Steel as it has been proved to be safe. Only if the answers are to your satisfaction, go ahead and get your belly pierced.

    After the piercing too, everyday Hygiene is of utmost importance. Make sure the pierced area is gently cleaned everyday with a Q-tip and some saline solution or any of the cleaning solutions available in the market – specifically for piercing. Your piercer may even prescribe medication to avoid infections. Take the entire prescribed course. At the end of a day, body secretions may result in a nauseating smell emanating from the belly button. Be sure to clean the navel area every single day at least once – and maybe even twice. But over cleaning can be disastrous. Cleaning your piercing two or three times a day is enough.

    Touch the pierced area only if absolutely necessary and only after hands are clean. Do not allow any dirt or unclean objects to come in contact with your navel. If possible wear a plastic cap with some holes over your navel to protect the healing from rough contact.

    Clothes, Water and Food – these are three factors to be given importance during your healing period. Avoid wearing tight clothes especially around the waist. If a button or zip or any other object accidentally brushes against the healing wound, it may result in opening the wound again. Water should be clean – after visiting a swimming pool, immediately clean your navel area after coming out. Protect your piercing from undue stress – it can lead to scarring, bleeding and infection. Eat healthy to energize your body with essential nutrients to help your body heal faster.

    After your piercing has healed, you can change your belly Jewellery. Piercing can close if nothing is inserted in them for a long time and sometimes even in a short time. At least have a plastic tygon piece inserted when you are not in the mood to sport the belly ring.

    Sensible and informed precautions can make for a
    nice, new belly piercing which will give you a fresh, young look for a long time.

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    How colored stone prices are fixed

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    How colored stone prices are fixed

    by Ardamun

    In the ancient times, the colored stones were graded and classified according to their color. All red stones were generally classified as ‘ruby’, all green ones as ‘emerald’, and all blue ones as ‘sapphire’.

    Summary: In the ancient times, the colored stones were graded and classified according to their color. All red stones were generally classified as ‘ruby’, all green ones as ’emerald’, and all blue ones as ‘sapphire’.

    How Are The Prices Fixed For Colored Stones?

    Colored gemstones have fascinated people from the ancient times. Since antiquity, people thought that the gemstones possessed magical powers and used them as objects of personal adornment. They always had the desire to possess beautiful colored stones. The three major natural characteristics – its beauty, its durability, and rarity – and one other, the perfection, or otherwise, of its cutting have a big hand in assessing the value, and hence the price, of a precious colored gemstone.

    Factors That Affect The Price Of Colored Stones

    Other than beauty and durability, the factors that affect the value, and hence, the price of colored stones are: rarity in nature, and the demand for them. The rarer a colored gem is, with its limited availability, the more desirable it is considered and therefore, more valuable. Its limited availability leads to increased demand, which automatically leads to increase in price.

    The current fashion trends and the fluctuation in demand for them greatly affect the gem price. The earlier 20th century saw the popularity of amber and turquoise, and then they became less favorable. The end of the 20th century saw the resurgence of popularity of these gems and hence their prices too.

    Celebrity Gemstones and Prices

    The celebrity gemstones set their own records for prices and have no relation to the prices of colored gemstones of the similar quality and size. A factor that affects the prices of colored of gemstones depends on who owns them.

    A spectacular 17.68-carat ruby ring, owned by Jacqueline Kennedy Onassis, sold for $290,000 – a whopping $16,000 a carat. This is more than the price of some of the most expensive diamonds. Similarly, a 47-carat kunzite ring that President Kennedy purchased for his wife was sold for $410,000, which averaged out at more than $8,700 per carat!

    The 62.02 carat Rockefeller Sapphire – a blue sapphire – set its own record price of $48,871/carat and the total price of $3,031,000. It goes without saying that colored gemstones of similar weights and quality would not fetch similar prices.

    Grading Of Colored Stones and Their Price

    In the ancient times, the colored stones were graded and classified according to their color. All red stones were generally classified as ‘ruby’, all green ones as ’emerald’, and all blue ones as ‘sapphire’. Over time, gems became associated with money, and the need to price them correctly brought in the need to identify them correctly. The introduction of the imitation and synthetic gems in the 1800s, and the development of cultured pearls and emerald imitations in the 1900s, brought in the need for gemological expertise to separate the genuine colored gemstones from the fake ones.

    This brought in the need to grade the colored stones based on the 4 Cs similar to diamonds. The credit for creation of the 4C system of grading of gemstones goes to The Gemological Institute of America. The evaluation of the colored stones based on Color, Clarity, Cut and Carat is somewhat different from that of diamonds. Where diamonds have precise grading for color, clarity and cut, in the case of colored stones the main consideration is color. Minor differences in clarity do not affect the price of the colored stones.

    Color – Color is due to miniscule amounts of trace elements, which could be a part of the gemstone’s composition, or introduced later when the gemstone is forming in the earth. These trace elements bring forth the amazing colors we see in the gemstones. The more the intensity of the color in the colored gemstone, the more its value, and hence its price due to its increased desirability. As far as pricing of the colored gemstone goes, the color plays a greater part than its clarity.

    Clarity – Clarity is the internal purity of a colored gemstone and is secondary to its color. Sometimes the unusual inclusions in the colored stones may actually enhance their desirability and therefore, their value. The star-like inclusions in rubies and sapphires, caused by the presence of the mineral rutile, increases the desirability of these gems and people are prepared to pay a higher price for them. A similar phenomena in the tiger-eye quartz – though not star-like, but parallel lines – too affect its desirability.

    Not all inclusions have the desired effect. Too many inclusions that inhibit and interfere with the passage of light through the colored stones diminish their value.

    Cut – Whereas the most appealing cut for a diamond is the round brilliant cut, the colored stones are cut into more shapes and proportions than diamonds. The varieties of shapes that enhance the appearance and the beauty of the colored stones are: oval, cushion, marquise, emerald cut, pear, cabochon, trapezoid, mixed-cut, and tablet. The proportions of the colored stones differ from that of the diamonds, with each cut made to preserve the weight and show off the best color.

    Certain cuts and shapes look more appealing on certain colored stones. Fine cut emeralds are cut in the traditional emerald cut shape, opals in the cabochon (a smooth curved top) shape, and top quality rubies and sapphires in oval or cushion shapes. These traditional cuts enhance the value and price of the colored stones.

    Carat – A carat is the measure of weight of a stone and is equal to 200 milligrams. The larger the size of the colored stone, the higher its per carat price. The price of a three-carat colored stone is not three times the price of its one-carat avatar, but much more, simply for the reason that larger stones are rare.

    It is not only the weight of the colored stone that helps fix its price. It is all of the above grading factors, along with other factors, that decide the final price of the colored stone. A 0.95-carat higher quality colored stone, vis-à-vis its color, clarity, and cut would be priced higher than the comparatively lower quality 1-carat stone.

    Other Factors And Price

    There are other factors too that affect the price of the colored stones. Hardness is one quality that is well liked. Hardness is its ability to withstand being scratched. It is measured as per the Moh’s scale, where 0 is the softest colored stone and 10 the hardest – which is the hardness for diamond.

    The price of the colored stones also depends on their ability to withstand chemicals and such substances. This stability is important. Some amethysts fade in sunlight, turquoises discolor by skin oils, and opals may crack by exposure to dry air.

    Toughness of the colored stone, that is its ability to resist cracking, chipping, or breaking, is another factor. The luster and the brilliance of the colored stones too have an impact on how the prices are fixed for colored stones.

    When prices are fixed for colored stones, it is a combination of all the above factors that come into play.

    PREPARE YOURSELF FOR BODY PIERCING BEFORE AND AFTER

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    by Seema Susheel

    Body piercing is a way of beautifying the body. Man from the prehistoric times is lured by the idea of beautifying himself with decorations and ornaments. In many tribes people have permanent tattoos covering the whole of the body and mind blowing piercing ideas. For many body piercing is a way of putting in beautiful jewelry, for others it’s an attitude they want to flaunt and get noticed.

    Body piercing is body modifying

    The age of elaborate ornamenting is back again and body piercing is a fashion that’s fast catching on. From the youth in America and Europe to teens in Asian countries body piercing is a fad that’s here to stay. Girls or boys all are going under the gun to get noticed and be talk of the town. Though everyone has to undergo the pain most are satisfied later by the way they look and the difference it makes in their lifestyle. Piercing in the ears, nose, tongue, eyebrows, lips, navel, nipple and also the private parts is a common thing.

    Young girls and boys want to go in for piercing but have to take optimum care as to follow certain important guidelines before and after the piercing to avoid any painful and messy complication.

    Pre- piercing care and tips

    First of all prepare your mind for the piercing. Decide where you want to have the piercing done. Surely you would have a friend who has got a piercing then you can gather information from her. Remember your body; lifestyle is different from others so you might not necessarily experience the same as everyone.

    Find a good piercing studio which gives cleanliness and quality the topmost importance. For you your safety and health should be the first concern. The studio should have experienced piercing artists who could lead you on this painful journey in a jiffy and clean environ with sterilized gadgets.

    Go by the popularity, the more popular the studio is the much better the service. Don’t compromise on the price as you can be never sure that you will get a safe piercing in a low budget place. You might have to shell out much more if the piercing turns out complicated.

    Inform your parents and take their consent in case of emergency they are the only ones who will be there for you. Take on a piercing that you will be comfortable with. A mark on the face is something that you can’t hide if you plan to get pierced near your brows, chin be sure you can carry it off with pride. To get something done and later regret won’t patch things hear as a hole on the face is permanent, even if the jewelry is removed the hole still stands testimony.

    Take care that you are not suffering from any other ailment during your piercing session. As a person is weak when he is unwell and it will take longer time to heal the piercing wound. Go for piercing when you are healthy.

    Piercing process – a quick look

    For a novice, to understand the piercing process, gives a clear picture of what they have to go through to achieve that pop diva look. Once you have decided where to get the piercing you will reach the piercing studio where in the studio artist will take a piercing gun make a marking taking care that the hole does not fall on any nerve and drill a hole. The pain will be there but most people find the noise much more unbearable. In 2 to 3 minutes the whole process will be done with the jewel a gemstone stud or ring of your choice placed in the hole.

    The most important – post piercing care

    Generally all piercing need certain similar care instructions. First of all never remove the jewelry until the piercing is completely healed. There is no residue coming out of a white substance discharge, the swelling, pain and redness has completely vanished then you have recovered and the piercing has healed. Here onwards you can keep changing your jewelry, but do not leave the piercing without jewelry as the hole might close.

    There will be swelling and pain for 2 to 3 weeks after the piercing, during this time you should take optimum care that the pierced part is kept clean and is not in contact with dirt, if so it will lead to the piercing becoming septic and complicated to heal.

    You can give warm soaking of sea salt water twice a day to clean the area. Use clean clothes and sheets, eat healthy, avoid drinking and smoking, get proper rest and then the piercing will heal much faster and without any other complication. Do not scratch the piercing area to remove the dried up white residue, this might lead to you hurting the already sensitive area and hampering the healing process.

    Many types of piercing require extra care then the general care guidelines. For example oral piercing (tongue, chin, lips, beauty mark) need special care as the piercing is inside the mouth and any carelessness will lead to germs and infection getting in to the body and further major health problems. The first few weeks when the wound is raw you have to take care what you eat too, as anything hot and spicy or extremely cold will be very painful on the mouth. Tongue being a very sensitive area sucking on a pipe and smoking also can open the wound again. You have to wash mouth every time you eat or drink preferably with pre-boiled water. Don’t let dirty hair fall on your fresh ear piercing as the dirt and dandruff in the hair will cause infection. Remember the healthier your lifestyle the faster you heal.

    Be responsive and responsible

    Be responsive to your bodies needs, listen to it and act accordingly. You are responsible for your healing hence you have to take optimum care that a step towards body beautification should not turn ugly and you can get the look that you dreamt of without much hardship.

    RISKS IN BODY PIERCING

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    by Preeti Sharma

    Your skin can get allergic reaction from the solution used to cleanse the skin before piercing. Your skin can also be allergic to ancillary products used for piercing like, hydrogen peroxide, soap and even antibacterial products.

    All That You Need To Know Before Getting Under The Needle

    Planning for getting your body pierced? Well, that’s a major decision, I must say. Before you go on, it is important for you to know about the whole activity of body piercing and the risks associated with it. Body piercing do involves a certain set of health hazards along with it, which are necessary for you to know. Read on.

    Body piercing is the process of piercing a part of human body so that an opening can be created to insert the jewelry. It is, in fact, a type of body modification. With the word “piercing”, the practice of body piercing is implied.

    Body piercing has become increasingly common as a fashion statement. In the US, one can take it as an evidence to mark out the undergraduates in the US University, as most of them do flaunt it. Your few hours of watching the famous television programmes or Hollywood movies would tell you the intensity of the body piercing trend.

    Once being the popular way of self-expression in the ancient Roman days, body piercing has traveled a long distance in time. Apart from the fashionable piercing crazies, people also practice piercing to please their religious expressions. In the modern western countries, people choose to get pierced for many reasons such as ornamental and spiritual reasons.

    But the problem arises when crazy behind fashion, especially the teenagers, do forget to ascertain the risks of body piercing. The long list of risks associated with piercing is even more important than searching the right jewelry that you want to get pierced.

    What are the risks of body piercing?

    First of all, you should know that body piercing is a lot more than a bit of fun and fad. It is an insidious procedure much like a surgical one. It carries the same risks and need a specific healing period.

    The medical experts do blame body piercing to cause an increase in the number of allergies from nickel, all across the western countries. When the human skin is exposed to metal, it can cause sensitivity that can persist lifelong. If your skin is allergic to metal, you cannot wear belts with metal buckle, wristwatch and jewelry, lay aside piercing. There is neither any age for body piercing nor any cure. Your body can reject the jewelry as it is a foreign element. The affected person is recommended to stay away from metal, in your case piercing.

    Your skin can get allergic reaction from the solution used to cleanse the skin before piercing. Your skin can also be allergic to ancillary products used for piercing like, hydrogen peroxide, soap and even antibacterial products.If you do not have body piercing from a professional body piercer, there are increased risks for bacterial infections. It is important for him to use best and professional piercing techniques. Any small carelessness and lack of aftercare can cause serious infection.

    Body piercing done using blunt force like the use of instruments for piercing the ear increases the probability of bacterial infections. This is the main reason among others, why the piercing guns are not used to pierce the part of your body, except the earlobes.

    Going for swimming with pierced body part during the healing period can cause protozoan and parasitic infections. Body piercing also offers you a great risk of getting scars and even keloid formation, a kind of outsized scar.

    Swelling is other common risk. In other serious cases, piercing can actually block the place for air and can cause eternal damage of nerves. If you choose a wrong kind of jewelry for piercing and if it is too little, it can cut off the supply of blood.

    Other major risk that is always blatant is any mishap with fresh piercing. It can occur when the pierced jewelry gets entangled unintentionally with any external object. It usually happens when your jewelry has big designer loops or other entangles.

    The other most serious risks associated with piercing of any body part are allergic reactions, infections and damage to nerves and excessive bleeding. Moreover, do you know that you can get infected and can even spread a serious infection that includes HIV? It can be due to infected piercing equipment, which is not sterilized properly.

    If the hygiene standards are not met properly, you are at the direct risk of blood born diseases like, Hepatitis B and C and HIV, to name a few. They can be transmitted to others also with the use of dirty needles. Hepatitis is known for buoyancy of infecting. Some of the strains can even keep up to eight hours on infected instruments in room temperature.

    Many harmful bacteria can be injected in your skin due to the puncture of piercing. It may or may not develop instantly. Bacterial infections can occur in cysts that can further develop as toxic shock syndrome or septicemia, if not treated properly. They can be serious and fatal in some cases.

    Chances are for bacterial infections to develop later, even after healing of pierced part. If the piercer does not wash his or her hands and even does not use gloves and sterilized equipments, there is an increased probability of health hazards.

    Apart from the whole act of body piercing being risky, the specific piercing on body parts can have their own risk. The tongue piercing can cause a chipped tooth as the jewelry can actually wear off the tooth enamel. It can even cause you speech hindrances when it will obstruct you making some particular sounds. The tongue is the area where the body has a lot of blood veins, thus the pierced tongue can suffer from extended bleeding and grave loss of blood. Tongue piercing also has a high risk of bacterial infections because your mouth is the place for bacteria already.

    Self piercing is dangerous above all as it makes the whole process unprofessional and full of carelessness. You may know the correct process, unlikely to have the right equipments and knowledge to execute the right hygiene procedures to do away all the risks of getting an infection or scars.

    Body piercing is really a big decision. All that is written above is not to discourage you from body piercing, but to warn you from all the risks you are going to embrace. After you know all the risks, we hope that you are in a state to make decision that is best for you.

    If you still decide to get body piercing, it is better to take care of all preventive measures that keep you safe and sound. Visit a reliable piercer, get right jewelry, be hygienic and be cautious for all the symptoms of infection. If performed properly, the risks of body piercing can be minimized.

    SAFE METALS FOR BODY PIERCING

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    by Ritika Changrani

    Body piercing is a manifestation of your need to be different. Timely safety precautions will ensure that it is a source of joy and pride. Prudence must be exercised while choosing the correct metal for this. Spare no expense as it’s your own body you are experimenting with.

    SAFE METALS FOR YOUR BODY PIERCING – ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES OF USING DIFFERENT METALS USED FOR BODY PIERCING JEWELRY

    So, you have finally decided to take the plunge. Body piercing may turn out to be one of the best decisions of your life or one that you may bitterly regret. Its all a matter of your approach towards the vital safety factors. Before you get your body pierced you should have detailed knowledge about its pros and cons. There are certain factors that need due attention. An important question that arises is – What is the correct metal to be used for body piercing?

    You may feel that a piercer knows best and will give you the right jewelry. However, you should be familiar with the various types of metals used and their degree of suitability. The first thing to consider is your allergic reactions. Never use a metal that you are allergic to, just because everybody advocates it. In the long run it may cause infections that leave you scarred forever.

    All metals that are used in body piercing must necessarily be biologically inert. This means that they should be non-reactive and be compatible to the human body.

    There are specific metals that should be used for body piercing.

    Gold

    It is the safest but the most expensive metal. Normally18K gold is used. Both white and yellow gold are secure. 14K gold is a cheaper but risky alternative as it is alloyed with other metals. You must make sure that you are not allergic to them before piercing. Nowadays nickel-free 9K gold is also available, which is a safe option.

    Surgical Stainless Steel (Implant Grade)

    This grade of steel is widely used in knee and hip replacement surgery and hence is irrefutably inert. It looks silver but is in fact steel. In some places however, the use of this metal in piercing is banned.

    Surgical Titanium (Implant Grade)

    This is the general choice as it is inexpensive. Electric current is passed through this metal to give it colour. The colour will eventually fade but is ideal for a short-term use. It is advised if you frequently like to change your jewelry. Wearing it for an extended period of time may give rise to complications.

    Niobium

    Niobium is an element not a metal alloy, hence it is not harmful. It is very biocompatible i.e. usually well accepted by the human body.

    PVD (Aztec Gold)

    This is used in pacemakers as it does not react with the body nor does it discolor. It is lightweight in nature and a good substitute for gold if your body is sensitive to metals.

    Tygon

    This is a special type of plastic and not a metal. It should be used only if you are extremely allergic to all types of metals. In case of pregnant women, any metal naval piercing should be removed and a tygon ring worn. As the body grows, metals will eventually be rejected. Tygon being plastic poses no harm as it is flexible and will bend as the body changes shape.

    The safety factor of a metal is determined by its nickel content. Baser metals are a greater threat to your body. Given below are some metals which are a strict no-no as the risk factor is immense.

    Dont use below metals

    Sterling silver

    Its oxidation property renders it harmful for use. It has been known to react with body tissues and fluids.

    Lead

    The risk of lead poisoning is very high and should be avoided at all costs.

    Plated gold or gold filled jewelry

    The plating will flake off and expose the inner metal layer which may not be of inert variety, thus causing infection. Such jewelry must never be used.

    Iron

    Iron is a very reactive metal and rusts easily. Rust may turn the wound septic creating a mammoth problem.

    Low grade metals

    like nickel, tin, copper, bronze, zinc, brass are highly inappropriate for body piercing.

    Making an incorrect decision regarding the metal may lead to a host of problems. The most common after-effects are allergic reactions and infections. Sometimes the body totally rejects the invasion in which case the hole needs to be closed. The American Dental Association (ADA) is “against any type of oral piercing”. Metal objects in the mouth can cause extensive damage to the gums and enamel surface of teeth.

    The decision of choosing the right metal should be made based on the risk factor involved. Affordability comes next. Seek to achieve the correct balance between your desire and your pocket. You must never choose a ring or bar for piercing just because it is trendy, without checking out its metallic nature. Go for a simpler but safer piece. Take your own decision and don’t be influenced by what the salon tells you. They may promote a particular type of metal if that is the only variety they stock.

    Piercing is a huge decision, so take your time and once you’ve resolved to have it done, just go for it. Make your statement by standing out. When you have it, flaunt it and enjoy the envious glances of your peers.

    HOW TO SELECT YOUR PIERCING STUDIO

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    by Ritika Changrani

    Selection of a proficient body piercing studio involves genuine efforts at your end. The studio’s reputation, hygiene standards and previous clients’ opinion are important considerations. The right studio will ensure that the entire process is completed without any unnecessary hitches, giving you peace of mind and body.

    Your decision is made. You are convinced about what part of your body you want pierced. Nevertheless, an important choice is still pending – The all important question – Where to get it done?

    Choosing the right studio or salon may seem a tedious job but it is imperative that you conduct a complete survey before final selection. Do not be rash or impulsive regarding this. There are quite a few aspects that need to be analyzed to avoid a headlong pitfall into the vicious circle of infections and allergies.

    REPUTATION

    For starters, always check out the reputation of the studio you plan to visit. It is vital that the studio consist of skillfully trained piercer. If you are a first-timer, patronize an experienced piercer possessing the know-how to do it right. There is no legal formal training programme so be extra careful. If the attitude of the piercer or the atmosphere of the place makes you uncomfortable, feel free to walk out.

    Never hesitate to ask questions from the studio about their piercer. Its your right to know. It is advisable to get your piercing done professionally despite the fact that your friends claim to be perfectly capable of doing it.

    PORTFOLIO

    Ask your piercer to show you their portfolio first. They take pride in their work and hence a good piercer will maintain a log of his previous work. It may be difficult for a layman to spot tiny irregularities but all the same, do have a look. See the pictures and note whether the piercing accentuate the body or look grotesque.

    CLEANLINESS

    Hygiene is an essential factor in determining the quality of a salon. When you enter a place, it should give you an impression of being well-kept. The following is a checklist to help you out :

    – Is there a separate room for piercing ?
    – Is the room a non-smoking area?
    – Does the piercer look tidy with clean clothing and long hair pulled back?
    – Are latex disposable gloves used for each customer and thrown away immediately after use?
    – Does the piercer wash his hands before wearing the gloves?
    – Are new sealed needles opened for each piercing?
    – Has sterilization been properly done for all the equipment being used?
    – Does the studio possess an autoclave or a sterilizer of its own? (An autoclave is a sterilization device used for jewelry, tools and other equipment needed for piercing.) This is a critical piece of equipment that must necessarily be available with the studio.
    – Are guns being used for piercing? Most guns cannot be sterilized and hence are best avoided.

    Only on receiving a positive response to all of the above, should you venture to put the studio on your may-be list.

    PEOPLE’S OPINIONS

    Ask around for someone who has had a piercing done. His / her experience at the studio should give you an idea about their standards. If you hear even one doubtful voice, listen to it and not label it as a freak case.

    The Association Of Professional Piercer (APP) emphasizes the importance of “referrals on a piercing shop/piercer from knowledgeable friends and/or the local health department”. Ask your friends if they would like to go there again in case of another piercing. Did they have any problem post the piercing? Any allergic reactions? Were they subject to immense pain? Was the staff helpful in case of complications? A reputed studio will patiently answer all your queries about the technique used and after-care procedures.

    STUDIO’S JEWELRY SELECTION

    The studio should have a variety of jewelry and metals for piercing. If they have just one type of metal and advocate it as the safest and best, it would be prudent not to believe them. Different metals are available to suit a wide range of budgets. An experienced piercer knows the optimal metal and jewel piece for different kinds of piercing.

    There are mainly two types of jewelry worn – rings and bars. A ring is measured in width and a bar in its length. The gauge refers to the thickness of metal. A smaller gauge number indicates a thicker piece of jewelry. Metals of 14 gauge and above only should be used below the neck area.

    YOUR INSTINCTS

    There is nothing more reliable than your own gut feeling. Trust it. Never go to a place unless you are unquestionably satisfied. Listen to the tiny voice of your heart and not those of others. If a studio tells you anything contrary to the normal healing period or charges an abnormally low price with a no-infection guarantee, immediately leave. Do not be swayed by such client-winning tactics consisting of mere empty words.

    Though the decision of getting your body pierced is of primary importance, do not lax your standards while selecting a studio to give shape to your desire. Care at initial stages goes a long way in ensuring your safety and well-being.

    As opposed to tattoos, piercing are not permanent and hence people tend to take fewer precautions. Always remember that your aim is to make your body look more attractive and not disfigure it.

    Having made up your mind, enjoy showing it off to all and sundry. Stand out with this bold statement!

    LATEST TREND IN BODY PIERCING JEWELRY

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    by NASRINA PARVIN KHAN

    Except having a cultural significant and a traditional values in many countries, body piercing jewelry is a fashion statement nowadays. Various kinds of body piercing jewelry are very popular among American teens.

    It is difficult to find out a person in this World, who is not fascinated with jewelry. Sometimes people are ready to ignore their pain for the fascination of body piercing jewelry. Body piercing jewelry comes in various forms and it is becoming a sensation among the young generation all over the World.

    Actually the style of body piercing comes from the tribal society at the beginning. We can find various kinds of body piercing in the tribes all over the world. Tribes of many small islands in the Pacific have many facials piercing, like ears, nose, cheeks and even throat piercing. In India, ear and nose piercing is a year old tradition. It is also a tradition in Middle East also.

    In some communities people get pierced when they leave home and get married. Nose studs are signs of marriage for women in Muslim community. Piercing signify a near and dear person’s death in many communities.
    Except having a cultural significant and a traditional values in many countries, body piercing jewelry is a fashion statement nowadays. Various kinds of body piercing jewelry are very popular among American teens. Not only America, whole World are getting fascinated with body piercing jewelry. Usually people punch a hole in their body, skin or cartilage to wear body-piercing jewelry. These jewelries give shape and enhance the beauty of nose, ears and other parts of body.

    navel jewelryMost common pierced body parts are ear lobes. Nose piercing is also common in many countries. But today’s teens are getting more adventurous. They loved to do experiment. Eyebrow piercing, tongue piercing, navel piercing, lip piercing etc are very popular among “generation-y”.

    Hi girls, now forget the style of use only an earring in the earlobe. Using of many earrings is latest trend among the women, even in men. Film actresses to tennis player, all are the followers of this trend. The number of earrings can vary from two to ten. Use of earrings in one earlobe is a popular style among the boys.

    Year old nose studs and nose rings are coming back with a new look and style. Hollywood actresses are also getting weak with diamond sparkling nose studs. Because of this, it finds a place in the western World with Eastern World. On the other hand, nose rings are very popular among teens. Diamond nose ring of Sania Mirza, a tennis player became the talk of the tinsel town in India. Now her style becomes the trend of Indian youth. There are various types of nose studs and nose rings in the Market.
    One of the latest entries in body piercing jewelry is navel ornaments. There are many kinds of navel ornaments, like-belly rings, belly buttons, bent barbells, dangling navel rings etc. All these can be finding with colored beads, which is very popular among the women youth. Navel ornaments with bare mid drifts and crop tops create a stunning, nice looks, which has an erotic effect also. This style is a craze from film stars to common people in new age. Navel ornaments with blinking, color-changing flashers are hot favorite now.

    Tongue rings and lip rings are becoming trendy among other body piercing jewelry. A tongue ring is visible when a person talks to other. It can make exotic, adorable impression with your words. Person with a lip ring can easily indicate the person’s adventurous nature. Today’s generation is ready to accept all the challenge to be adventurous about any fashion trend.

    Belly PiercingBut the most popular facial piercing is eyebrow piercing, especially among the men. Eyebrow ring and eyebrow studs are eyebrow-piercing jewelry. These are very popular and setting a trend in young male. We can find eyebrow piercing among films and TV characters, even in real characters. Not only the boys, are girls also getting weak with this trendy jewelry.
    Latest addition in body piercing jewelry, which also a surprising item is eyeball jewelry. Yes, it is true! The Dutch eye surgeons of an ophthalmic surgery research and development institute in Rotterdam, invented a cosmetic surgical process to implant minute pieces of jewelry made with special material called “jewel eye” in the mucous membrane of the eyes. The wide of the jewelry piece is 0.13 inch and the shape includes a half moon or a heart. The process patented by the institute. Though the process is little expensive, but it creates a new fashion trend among Dutch youth.

    Usual body piercing jewelry can be made with any material. It may be silver, gold, platinum or any cheap metal. The ornaments are set with color beads, diamonds, colored gemstones or semi-precious stones. But it is advised that all the material should be sterilized because it is worn through the skin.